Unit 5: Part 1 MCQ Cleaned

1. (A) Sister chromatids separating during anaphase of mitosis (B) Chromosomes lining up along the midline of the cell during mitosis (C) Reducing the chromosome number during anaphase of meiosis (D) Chromatids failing to separate during meiosis 2. Within a forest ecosystem, there is a large amount of diversity among members of a warbler species. Of the (A) (B) (C) (D) (A)Matthew Jane (B)Matthew Jane (C)Matthew Jane (D)Matthew Jane (E)Matthew Jane 4. The probability that Matthew and Jane’s first child will be an achondroplastic dwarf is (A) 0% (B) 25% (C) 50% (D) 75% (E) 100% 5. If three children are born to Matthew and Jane, what are the chances that the first two children will not express the (A) 5/8 (B) 4/8 (C) 3/8 (D) 1/8 (E) 1/16 6. In cross II, the genotype of the dark, short-haired parent is (A) CcBb (B) ccbb (C) CCBB (D) CCbb (E) ccBB 7. Which of the following is probably the genotype of the dark, short-haired parent in cross I? (A) CcBb (B) ccbb (C) CCBB (D) CCbb (E) ccBB (A) It is dominant. (B) It is recessive. (C) It is codominant. (D) It is a polygenic inheritance pattern. (A) Autosomal recessive (B) Autosomal dominant (C) Sex-linked recessive (D) Sex-linked dominant 10. The probability that individual will develop Friedreich’s ataxia is closest to which of the following? (A) (B) (C) (D) 11. (A)The allele for white is an autosomal dominant allele because a phenotype ratio of blue to white (B)The allele for blue is an autosomal dominant allele because an approximate phenotype ratio of (C) The allele for white is an X-linked dominant allele because no white females are produced in cross 1. (D) The allele for blue is an X-linked dominant allele because there are no blue male offspring in cross 2. 12. A blue-flowered African violet of unknown ancestry self-pollinated and produced 50 seeds. These seeds germinate (A) Blue flowers are incompletely dominant to pink flowers. (B) Pink flower color is a trait recessive to blue flower color. (C) Pink flower color is the result of somatic mutations in the flower color gene. (A) Inflated pod shape is dominant to constricted pod shape. (B) The inflated-pod offspring in the F 1generation are homozygous. (C) Constricted pod shape typically arises from a new mutation in the F 1generation. (D) The constricted-pod offspring are carriers for the inflated pod shape allele. (A) close together on the same autosome (B) on the X chromosome (C) on different chromosomes (D) on a mitochondrial chromosome 15. Which of the following provides the best justification for an assumption that might have been used in the computer (A) The broad allele is recessive to the narrow allele because broad leaves appear in every generation. (B)The purple allele is dominant to the white allele because all the offspring from the cross of purple(C)The narrow allele is codominant with the purple allele because the purple-flower trait and the narrow(D)The white allele is dominant to both the broad and narrow alleles because plants with either type of lea f (A)Recombination between the leaf-shape and flower-color genes resulted in chromosomes carrying a (B)Recombination between the broad and narrow alleles of the leaf-shape gene resulted in chromosomes (C)Independent assortment of homologous chromosomes resulted in the combinations of alleles present in (D)The computer model cannot capture the possible assortments of gametes when multiple genes are 17. A gene that influences coat color in domestic cats is located on the chromosome. A female cat that is (A) The null hypothesis can be rejected because the chi-square value is greater than the critical val ue. (B) The null hypothesis can be rejected because the chi-square value is less than the critical value . (C) The null hypothesis cannot be rejected because the chi-square value is greater than the critical value. (D) The null hypothesis cannot be rejected because the chi-square value is less than the critical value . 18. A researcher observes that when two heterozygous plants with red flowers are crossed, the resulting offspring (A) The null hypothesis should be rejected because the critical value is less than the calculated va lue. (B) The null hypothesis should not be rejected because the critical value is less than the calculate d value. (C) The null hypothesis should not be rejected because the critical value is greater than the calcul ated value. (D) The null hypothesis should be rejected because the critical value is greater than the calculat ed value. 19. A scientist is investigating the possibility that two traits in a particular plant are determine d by genes that are on the (A) (B) (C) 20. In pea plants, flower color and the length of the flower’s pollen grains are genetically determined. Researchers (A) The genes that determine these two traits are likely on the same chromosome. (B) The differences between observed data and expected data are due to chance. (C)The genes mutated since the researchers began the experiment and now have a different inheritance (D) The allele frequencies of the offspring have changed, suggesting the population is evolving. 21.TABLE 1. NUMBER OF CHICKENS OF EACH PHENOTYPE (A) (B) (C) 22. In fruit flies of the genus Drosophila , the allele for vestigial wings is recessive to the allele for round wings, and the (A)The chi-square calculated value is greater than the chi-square critical value; therefore the nul l hypothesis (B)The chi-square calculated value is greater than the chi-square critical value; therefore the nul l hypothesis (C)The chi-square calculated value is less than the chi-square critical value; therefore the null hypot hesis (D)The chi-square calculated value is less than the chi-square critical value; therefore the null hypot hesis 23. The diploid number of chromosomes in the cell of a domesticated dog is . Which of the following options (A)After (B)After (C)After (D)After 24. A series of crosses is performed with fruit flies ( Drosophila melanogaster ) to examine inheritance of the genes (A) The two genes are located on two different chromosomes. (B) The two genes are sex-linked. (C) The two genes are located on mitochondrial DNA. (D) The two genes are linked on an autosome. 25. Humans have a diploid number ( ) of . Which of the following statements best predicts the consequence if (A) The gametes would get larger from one generation to the next. (B) The chromosome number would double with each generation. (C) The chromosome number would be halved with each generation. (D) The chromosome number would triple with each generation. 26. In most vertebrates, the sperm cell normally contributes which of the following to the new organism? (A) Many mitochondria (B) Significant amounts of RNA (C) A haploid complement of chromosomes (D) Most of the cytoplasm of the zygote 27. (A) Is the distance between two gene loci related to crossover rate? (B) Does crossing over occur more often in some chromosomes than in others? (C) Is crossing over inhibited by methylation? (D) Is crossing over promoted by methylation? 28. Scientists have found that methylation suppresses crossing-over in the fungus Ascobolus immersus . Which of (A) Is the level of genetic variation in the gametes related to the amount of methylation observed? (B) Without crossing-over, will gametes be viable and be able to produce zygotes? (C) Does methylation result in shorter chromosomes? 29. (A) Crossing-over (B) Base pair substitution (C) Duplication (D) Deletion (E) Posttranscriptional processing 30. If in the F 1and F 2generations the same characteristics appeared in both males and females, it would be safe to (A) are sex-linked (B) vary in dominance according to sex (C) are sex-influenced characteristics (D) are autosomal characteristics (E) follow the Mendelian rule of independent assortment (A) the test cross with the F 1flies resulted in sterile offspring (B) these genes for eye color and wing shape do not pass through the F 1generation (C) these genes for eye color and wing shape are found on the same chromosome (D) crossing-over decreases variability (E) the genes are sex-linked 32. A student in a biology class crossed a male Drosophila melanogaster having a gray body and long wings with a (A) The alleles for gray body and long wings are dominant. (B) The alleles for gray body and long wings are recessive. (C)Genes for the two traits are located on two different chromosomes, and independent assortment (D)Genes for the two traits are located close together on the same chromosome, and crossing over occurred 33. A researcher hypothesizes that, in mice, two autosomal dominant traits, trait Q and trait R, are determ ined by (A) (B) (C) 34. Based on the information provided, which of the following describes the most likely pattern of inheritance for the (A) Autosomal recessive (B) Autosomal dominant (C) X-linked recessive (D) Mitochondrial (A) There is a chance that an XY child will have . (B) There is a chance that a child will have . (C) There is a chance that any of the children will have the disorder or be carriers of the mutant allele. (D)There is a chance that an XY child will have but a chance that an XX child will be a 36. The events listed below generally take place during meiosis. (A) I, II, III, IV (B) II, I, III, IV (C) III, I, II, IV (D) III, IV, II, I (E) IV, II, III, I 37. Eye color in a particular strain of fly is influenced by one gene with two alleles: a dominant allele t hat results in red (A) The eye-color gene is likely autosomal because males and females have similar phenotype ratios. (B) The eye-color gene is likely autosomal because more females have sepia eyes than males do. (C) The eye-color gene is likely sex-linked because the males and females have similar phenotype rati os. (D) The eye-color gene is likely sex-linked because the males and females display both phenotypes. 38. In sheep, eye color is controlled by a single gene with two alleles. When a homozygous brown-eyed sheep is (A) 0% (B) 25% (C) 50% (D) 75% (E) 100% 39. Eye pigment in a particular strain of fly is determined by two genes. An autosomal gene that controls the color of (A) (B) (C) (D) 40. (A) Sex-linked dominant inheritance (B) Sex-linked recessive inheritance (C) Autosomal dominant inheritance (D) Autosomal recessive inheritance (E) A codominant relationship of a single pair of alleles 41. The relative location of four genes on a chromosome can be mapped from the following data on crossover (A) ABCD (B) ADCB (C) CABD (D) CBAD (E) DBCA 42. Assume that genes AandBare not linked. If the probability of allele Ain a gamete is 1/2 and the probability of (A) 1/2 x 1/2 (B) 1/2 + 1/2 (C) (1/2) / (1/2) (D) (E) |1/2 — 1/2| 43. If 2n = 48 for a particular cell, then the chromosome number in each cell after meiosis would be (A) 96 (B) 48 (C) 24 (D) 12 (A) Does crossing-over generate more genetic diversity than the fusion of gametes does? (B) Does methylation prevent independent assortment during metaphase ? (C)How does the independent assortment of the two sets of homologous chromosomes increase genetic (D) Do daughter cells that are not genetically identical to parent cells produce viable zygotes? 45. In pea seeds, yellow color ( ) is dominant to green color ( ), and a round shape ( ) is dominant to a wrinkled (A) The allele pairs of each parent stay together, resulting in gametes that are identical to the parents. (B) Gene segments on sister chromatids cross over. (C) Alleles that are on nonhomologous chromosomes recombine. 46. The Russian blue is a rare breed of cat that is susceptible to developing cataracts on the eyes. Scientist s hypothesize (A) A recessive mutation on the X chromosome (B) A recessive mutation on a somatic chromosome (C) A dominant mutation on the X chromosome 47. Which of the following best describes the genotype of the individual identified with an asterisk in the pedigree in (A) Two dominant alleles (B) Two recessive alleles (C) One dominant allele and one recessive allele (D) One recessive allele and no second allele for the gene (A) Protoporphyria has an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. (B) Protoporphyria has an -linked dominant inheritance pattern. (C) Protoporphyria has an -linked recessive inheritance pattern. 49. (A) The condition is passed randomly because of the independent assortment of chromosomes. (B) The condition is passed from fathers to sons via a -linked gene. (C) The condition is passed from mothers to sons via an -linked gene. (D) The condition is passed from mothers to offspring via a mitochondrial gene. 50. Insulin is a hormone produced by some pancreatic cells. Scientists have isolated the sequence that codes for (A)The recombinant bacterium will produce human insulin using its own transcription and translation (B)The recombinant bacterium will not transcribe the human insulin gene because this gene is not normally (C) The recombinant bacterium will transcribe the gene but will be unable to translate the . (D) The recombinant bacterium will die because it has been exposed to foreign . 51. In sweet pea plants, purple flower color is dominant over red flower color and long pollen grain shape is dominant (A) In sweet pea plants, the gene for flower color and the gene for pollen grain shape are genetically linked. (B) In sweet pea plants, the genes for flower color and for pollen grain shape both exhibit codominance. (C)Several mutations occurred spontaneously producing a deviation from the expected phenotypic ratios of (D)The genes for flower color and pollen grain shape are inherited independently because of the law of 52. Which of the following best describes the cells that result from the process of meiosis in mammals? (A) They are diploid. (B) They can be used to repair injuries. (C) They are genetically different from the parent cell. (D) They are genetically identical to all the other cells in the body. (E) They are identical to each other. 53. All of the following are true statements about meiosis in mammals EXCEPT: (A) It serves as a factor in bringing about variation among offspring. (B) It follows DNA replication. (C) It occurs only in reproductive structures. (D) It produces cells with the haploid number of chromosomes. (A)Each daughter cell contains 12 chromatids. Each chromatid is one of two from a single chromosome (B)Each daughter cell contains 12 chromosomes, each composed of two chromatids. Since the (C)Each daughter cell contains 12 chromosomes, each composed of two chromatids. Each chromosome is (D)Each daughter cell contains 24 separate chromatids. Since every two chromatids were originally joined, 55. Both mitosis and meiosis begin with a parent cell that is diploid. Which of the following best describes how mitosi s (A)In mitosis, the chromosomes consist of a single chromatid, which is passed to two haploid daughter (B)In mitosis, synapsis of homologous chromosomes results in four haploid daughter cells after one (C)Mitosis produces one identical daughter cell after one round of division. Meiosis has two rounds of (D)Mitosis produces two identical diploid daughter cells after one round of division. Meiosis produces four 56. Gregor Mendel’s pioneering genetic experiments with pea plants occurred before the discovery of the structure and (A) Pea color and pea shape display independent inheritance patterns. (B) Offspring of a given cross show all possible combinations of traits in equal proportions. (C)Most offspring of a given cross have a combination of traits that is identical to that of either one parent (D) Recessive phenotypes can skip a generation, showing up only in the parental and F 2generations. 57. The fertilization of ovules from plant by pollen from plant results in the production of seeds. What percent of (A) (B) (C) (D) 58. In order to determine the effects of age on the accumulation of mitochondrial mutations, mitochondrial (A)There is an increase in the mean number of mutations for the two age groups of 9.0 mutations per (B)There is an increase in the mean number of mutations for the two age groups of 9.0 mutations per (C)There is an increase in the mean number of mutations for the two age groups of 9.2 mutations per (D)There is an increase in the mean number of mutations for the two age groups of 9.2 mutations per 59. Which of the following occurs during mitosis but not during meiosis I ? (A) The chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles of the spindle apparatus. (B) The chromatids of each chromosome are separated. (C) The nuclear envelope breaks down. (D) Both synapsis and crossing-over take place. (E) The diploid number of chromosomes is reduced to the haploid number. 60. An experiment was performed to determine the mode of inheritance of two mouse genes, one for fur color and one (A) 1 (B) 2.2 (C) 2.4 (D) 5.8 (A) Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, and the citric acid cycle occurs in mitochondria. (B) Glycolysis occurs in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. (C) Introns are present in eukaryotic DNA but not in prokaryotic DNA. (D) Errors in DNA synthesis provide some of the genetic variation in a population. 62. (A)During the synthesis phase of the cell cycle, DNA molecules replicate to generate identical daughter (B) Centromeres align specific gene sequences of homologous chromosomes during mitotic divisions. (C) The spindle apparatus attaches at chiasma during metaphase of mitosis. 63. Which of the following is the most likely mode of inheritance for the disease? (A) Codominance (B) Autosomal dominant (C) Autosomal recessive (D) Sex-linked dominant (E) Sex-linked recessive 64. If Individual 2 were to marry a woman with no family history of the disease, which of the following would most (A) All of the children would have the disease. (B) None of the children would have the disease. (C) Only the sons would have the disease. (D) All of the sons would be carriers of the disease. (E) None of the daughters would be carriers of the disease. 65. If Individual 6 marries a woman with the disease, what is the probability that their first child will have the disease? (A) 0 (B) 25% (C) 50% (D) 75% 66. In the following human pedigree, squares represent males, circles represent females, and shaded symbols indicate (A) 25% (B) 50% (C) 75% (D) 100% 67. The pedigree below shows the inheritance of a dominant allele of a gene in a family over several generations. (A) mitochondrial genes are not heritable (B) mitochondrial mutations cannot produce dominant traits (C) maternal mitochondrial mutations are inherited by all of a mother’s offspring (D) mitochondrial is circular, whereas chromosomal is linear 68. (A) Sex-linked dominant (B) Sex-linked recessive (C) Autosomal recessive (D) Autosomal dominant 69. A completely-plated stickleback from a marine population was mated to a low-plated stickleback from a freshwater (A)Phenotypic variation in the F 2generation suggests that armor morphology is controlled by many alleles (B) The completely-plated phenotype is controlled by a dominant allele of a single gene. (C) Armor loss is an acquired characteristic that is affected by one or more environmental factors. (D) Patterns of armor plating in stickleback populations are regulated by sex-specific signals. 70. Pigeons demonstrate sex determination, such that a genotype produces a male and a genotype (A) 27 (B) 20 (C) 11 (D) 9 71. A student crosses a pure-breeding line of red-flowered poinsettias with a pure-breeding line of white-flowered (A) The calculated chi-square value is 1.53, and the null hypothesis cannot be rejected. (B) The calculated chi-square value is 1.53, and the null hypothesis can be rejected. (C) The calculated chi-square value is 98, and the null hypothesis cannot be rejected. (D) The calculated chi-square value is 98, and the null hypothesis can be rejected. 72. A researcher is crossing two organisms that are heterozygous for three Mendelian, unlinked traits ( ). (A) (B) (C) (D) 73. A couple has 5 children, all sons. If the woman gives birth to a sixth child, what is the probability that the sixth (A) 5/6 (B) 1/2 (C) 1/5 (D) 1/6 (A) 0 (B) 1/16 (C) 1/4 (D) 1/2 (E) 3/4 74. Probability that the genotype Aawill be produced by the parents AaxAa (A) 0 (B) 1/16 (C) 1/4 (D) 1/2 (E) 3/4 75. Probability that the genotype ccdd will be produced by the parents CcDd xCcDd (A) 0 (B) 1/16 (C) 1/4 (D) 1/2 (E) 3/4 76. Probability that the genotype Rrwill be produced by the parents Rrxrr (A) 0 (B) 1/16 (C) 1/4 (D) 1/2 (E) 3/4 (A) 0 (B) 1/16 (C) 1/4 (D) 1/2 (E) 3/4 78. In fruit flies, purple eyes and ebony body are traits that display autosomal recessive patterns of inheritance. In a (A) The calculated chi-square value is 2.11, and the critical value is 7.82. (B) The calculated chi-square value is 2.11, and the critical value is 11.35. (C) The calculated chi-square value is 10.48, and the critical value is 7.82. (D) The calculated chi-square value is 10.48, and the critical value is 11.35. 79. In humans, red-green color blindness is a sex-linked recessive trait. If a man and a woman produce a color-blind (A) The father is color-blind. (B) Both parents carry the allele for color blindness. (C) Neither parent carries the allele for color blindness. (D) The father carries the allele for color blindness. 80. In fruit flies, sepia eyes and ebony body are traits that display autosomal recessive patterns of inheritance. To (A)The null hypothesis cannot be rejected, and the students should conclude that the data fit a model of (B)The null hypothesis cannot be rejected, and the students should conclude that the data may have resulted (C)The null hypothesis can be rejected, and the students should conclude that the data fit a model of (D)The null hypothesis can be rejected, and the students should conclude that the data may have resulted 81. A student carries out a genetics experiment with fruit flies to investigate the inheritance patte rn of the white eye (A) The critical value is 0.05, and the student cannot reject the null hypothesis. (B) The critical value is 0.05, and the student can reject the null hypothesis. (C) The critical value is 3.84, and the student cannot reject the null hypothesis. (D) The critical value is 3.84, and the student can reject the null hypothesis. 82. In garden peas, a single gene controls stem length. The recessive allele ( t) produces short stems when homozygous. (A) 3 long-stemmed plants: 1 short-stemmed plant (B) 1 long-stemmed plant: 1 short-stemmed plant (C) 1 long-stemmed plant: 3 short-stemmed plants (D) Long-stemmed plants only (E) Short-stemmed plants only 83. Which of the following pedigrees most accurately represents a family with a history of Tay-Sachs disease? (A) (B) (C) (D) 84. (A) The alleles for body color and wing shape assort independently, as predicted by Mendel’s laws. (B) The genes for body color and wing shape are located close to each other on the same chromosome. (C) The traits of body color show complete dominance over the traits of wing shape. (D) The observed variations in body color and wing shape are detectable in males but not in females 85. A culture of white-eyed fruit flies ( Drosophila melanogaster ) was maintained for many generations. Females from (A) white is a dominant allele (B) the white allele is autosomal (C) a mutation has occurred (D) these F 2females have two white alleles (E) the white allele is located on the Ychromosome 86. The tiny blue-eyed Mary flower is often one of the first flowers seen in the spring in some regions of the United (A)The appearance of blue in the F 1generation of the pink and white cross demonstrates that flower color is (B)Flower color depends on stages of flower development, and young flowers are white, advancing to pink (C)Since the F 1and F 2phenotypes of the pink and white cross do not fit the expected genotypic and (D)Flower color is an inherited trait, and the F 1and F 2phenotypes of the flowers arising from the pink and 87. The tiny blue-eyed Mary flower is often one of the first flowers seen in the spring in some regions of the United (A)The appearance of blue in the F 1generation of the pink and white cross demonstrates that flower color is (B)Flower color depends on stages of flower development, and young flowers are white, advancing to pink (C)Since the F 1and F 2phenotypes of the pink and white cross do not fit the expected genotypic and (D)Flower color is an inherited trait, and the F 1and F 2phenotypes of the flowers arising from the pink and 88. In a strain of tomato plants, short plant height and small fruit size are traits that display autosomal rec essive patterns (A)The calculated chi-square value is 9.24, and the critical value is 7.82. The null hypothesis of independent (B)The calculated chi-square value is 9.24, and the critical value is 9.49. The null hypothesis of independent (C)The calculated chi-square value is 13.13, and the critical value is 7.82. The null hypothesis of (D)The calculated chi-square value is 13.13, and the critical value is 9.49. The null hypothesis of 89. In peas the trait for tall plants is dominant ( T) and the trait for short plants is recessive ( t). The trait for yellow seed (A) TTYY xTTYY (B) TTyy xTTYy (C) TtYy xTtYy (D) TtYy xTTYy (E) TtYY xTtyy 90. Which of the following best explains why triploid bananas do not produce seeds? (A)The cells of the banana plant are unable to replicate , thus preventing cell division and limiting (B) The banana plants lack enough genetic diversity to properly hybridize. (C)The production of gametes is disrupted because of unequal pairing of homologous chromosomes during (D) The production of seeds is not required because triploid plants produce gametes without fertilization. 91. A culture of white-eyed fruit flies ( Drosophila melanogaster ) was maintained for many generations. Females from (A) Autosomal (B) Dominant (C) Located on the Ychromosome (D) Sex-linked (E) Lethal 92. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a diploid yeast species that can reproduce either sexually or asexually. An experiment (A)The first division will result in crossing over between homologous chromosomes, and the second (B)The first division will reduce the number of chromosomes by half for each daughter cell, and the second (C)The first division will move single chromatids to each daughter cell, and the second division will double (D)The first division will reduce the number of chromosomes by half for each daughter cell, and the second