University:
North Idaho College
Course:
PHYS-211 | Engineering Physics I
Academic year:

2023
Views:

443

Pages:

3
Author:

Hani T.

Covalent Bonding in Solids. Covalent bonds results from over lapping of the valence orbitals of the constituent Species. The Structure of Diamond is an example of this type of Bonding. Each carbon is sp³ hybridised and has a tetrahedral geometry. Each carbon is bonded to four other carbons through sp³ orbitals. And as the carbon network is infinite. the result is giant molecule The structure may be looked Upon as an FCC lattice of C atoms where alternate four out of eight tetrahedral holes are occupied by other C atoms. The bonds are similar to those in Saturated Hydrocarbons. with the bond distance being 1.54 A° As all bonding orbitals are occupied, diamond is an insulator. Silicone carbide silver iodide and Zinc sulphide also form crystals with Covalent bonding Graphite has a layered structure, Each C atom is bonded to two or three other atoms forming hexagonal rings using sp² hybrid orbitals. The sheets, thus formed (like rings of Benzene) are able to interact with similar sheets above and below. Using van der Waals forces. The π electrons are mobile and contribute to the electrical conductivity.