Terpenoids - Study Notes

Terpenoids Inbroduction the team Herpenoids" is used Arese days the having the ge Bell the compand the general je nessa formaala ((est), and thein vryges "the terpenoids sometimes called isoprenents. class of naturally naturally accroone panic chemical derived From denvases 3. are a large and diverse chemical similar to Five. Carthon isoprene emits assembled and modified in thousands of ways. Most are mu ene another not only in multicyclic structures that differ from group's but also in thei's taric o keletons. These lipids can be found in all classes of living things, mad are the largest group of natural products. About est qe kusw nater products are tenpenoids. Essential oils ? Since the middle ages, essential oils have been Widely used for bactericidal, virucidal, fungicidas, medicinal and cosmetic applications. Because of the made of extractie mustly by distillation fran asramatic plants, they contain a volatile molecules such as terpenes and terpenoids, phenol-descived variety of aromatic combocuments and alitholic components. In vitro physicoche assays characterise most of them as antioxidants. However, sve cent work shows that in cukaryotic cells, essential oil can act as vide affecting inner cell membranes and organelles such as mitochoririn Depending upon tybe and concentration, they exhibit cytotoxic efice Essential oils :- On living cells but are usually non-genotoxic. Cytoto city, Genotoxicity, Antigenotoxicity. Isolation: A methed for the isolation and determination of tempe from blaut tissues is reported, imvelving extraction wit I methylene chloride for 24 h and quantitative analysis Thy Dias Chromatography. Relatively small masses of samples are required the method is suitable for the analysis of lange numbers of samples, and good precision (5-10%) was obtained the utility of the me the for a of variety blant materials was demonstrated by the Fraser Fia (Ahies fraseri) leaves and seeds, Balsam red spruce leaves, and queen Anne's lace seeds. (for analysis leaves # Classification of Perpenoides lebenoids an dawled on the bed of the moules of isoprenne units which Penny commin ni formation of Astuceme (Estie) is 2-methyl-1,3 butadiens. thurmat decomposition desses all the forte hers isopmeme as on Tenmaid →=(-CH2 (isoprene) tothin podi Bane of the danas of terpeneily along till the increme and me formulas one given bake: Naming Class alk. of Isoprene units igits) Minoferterse Sesquiterpenes Diterbeses Tritenbenes Tetsalenpeners (condemo) olytenbrins In addition to these lesbenoid hydrocarbons, there are genated derivatives of each class. These are mainly alichus, aldehyde is hetones. Terpenside are classified based on the member of sings firesent in the molecule, as given below: (a) Acyclic: They have an open chain stourfre (h) Msve cyclic: The terpenes sohich have one sing in their structwie. Ac) Bicycle: These having twe rings in theis structure. (d) fricyclic! Those having thres rings in their structure. # Isoprene Rule Nearly all the terpenoids are composed of isoprong which has the forends: thus terpenes can be repersented by the prenenal formula This rale can only be used as a guiding printile and a lived Monclerpenoid molecule (en in) is short of is hydringen aning than the sumber, required in cazespanding alkane. Each cable bint is molecule reduce the number of hydingen atoms by tice, the shortage alons can be accecinted fos by the presence of! (a) Cue monocync ring and tus double band. (b) Two bicyclic angs and che deside des. (e) Three double bunds If the structure is open cham. According to Ingold, the presence of gem-cdisikyl group makes the Syclaharoma Sychhaximeang ang give mere stable. Clearly the mendementia spun choles Erly monocycle montespercid. tituerely vezusing move yake anatokenuds is Zund that most of the we the dessuntives of me