Practice Test Questions

Practice Test Questions Which of the following is not true regarding how action potentials trigger muscle contraction? A. acetylcholine binds to receptors on the membrane of the muscle fiber B. action potentials propagate into the muscles via T tubules C. calcium is released into the T tubules D. calcium binds to the troponin-tropomysis complex and the sarcomere contracts C Which of the following is FALSE regarding fast muscle fibers? A. are white in color B. contain low myoglobin concentration C. Derive most ATP from glycolysis D. Derive most ATP from aerobic respiration D Which of the following hormones is mismatched with its function? A. cortisol-long term stress B. ADH-electrolyte balance C. EPO-red blood cell production D. Epinephrine-short term stress E. Leptin-energy reserve B Which of the following are some of the major endocrine glands? A. adrenal gland, hyoid gland, kidneys, ovaries B. adrenal medulla, hypothalamus, parathyroid glands, pituitary gland C. kidneys, pancreas, lacrimal glands D. kidneys, thalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland B What type of response does epinephrine result in? A. sympathetic B. parasympathetic C. homeostasis D. negative feedback A What is the correct order of the steps in oogenesis? A. oogonium>polar body and primary oocyte>secondary oocyte and polar body>ootid and polar bodies>mature ovum B. ootid>primary oocyte>secondary oocyte and polar bodies>oogoium and polar bodies>mature ovum C. oogonium>primary oocyte>secondary oocyte and polar bodies>ootid and polar bodies>mature ovum C Which structure of the male reproductive system is mismatched with its function? A. scrotum-holds the testes B. epididymis-stores sperm C. vas deferens-expels semen out of body D. testes-produces sperm C What cells are not involved in the innate immune system response? A. leukocytes B. lymphocytes C. mast cells D. neutrophils B What is not a characteristic of the adaptive immune response? A. Variability B. Diversity C. Specificity D. Memory A Which of the following is false regarding the cell-mediated response to eliminate infected cells? A. intracellular pathogens are eliminated via apoptosis B. Macrophages consume fragments of the infected cells D 1/5 C. T cells secrete pore-forming proteins into the infected cell D. Helper T cells bind to infected cells Which of the following type of vaccines contain viruses cultured in other species to render them harmless to humans? A. subunit vaccines B. inactivated viruses C. attenuated viruses D. all of the above C Which of the following is not a difference between B cells and T cells? A. B cells bind to the antigen and produce antibodies whereas T cells recognize and kill host cells B. B cell and T cell receptors bind to the epitope on an antigen C. T cells are activated independently whereas B cells are activated by dendritic cells D. none of the above C Which of the following is not true about the sliding filament model of muscle contraction? A. the sarcomere is made of thin filaments (actin) and thicker filaments (myosin) B. the thin and thick filaments overlap in the darker bands of the sarcomere C. the contraction of the muscle is dependent on how the sarcomeres shorten D. the thin and thick filaments slide past each other E. the lengths of the thick and thin filaments do not change C What binds to troponin-tropomyosin complex, allowing actin to interact with myosin? A. ATP B. GTP C. Acetylcholine (ACh) D. GABA E. Phencyclidine E Which of the following is not a main function of the skeletal system? A. protection B. maintenance of body posture C. transfer of muscle forces D. energy storage E. re-extension of shortened muscles D What is the major component of the ECM in bone? A. calcium carbonate B. NaHCO3 C. CaPO4 D. protein fibers E. gelatinous polysaccharides C Locomotion of land is dominated by what major forces? A. gravitational forces and drag B. gravitational and inertial forces C. inertial forces and drag D. inertial forces and lift E. gravitational forces and lift B Which of the following chemical signal categories is mismatched with its description? A. neural signals-diffuse over very long distances between neurons B. autocrine signals-act on the same cell that secretes them C. paracrine signals-diffuse locally and act on nearby cells D. endocrine signals-horomones carried between cells by blood or A 2/5 other body fluids E. neuroendocrine signals-hormones are released from neurons What is the basis of connection between the CNS and the endocrine system in humans? A. the physical link between the adrenal glands and kidneys B. the hormonal link between the adrenal glands and pituitary C. the physical link between the thyroid and parathyroid D. the hormonal link between the hypothalamus and thyroid E. the physical link between the hypothalamus and pituitary gland E I am a hormone and I regulate your long term stress response. Who am i? A. Aldosterone B. Leptin C. ADH D. Cortisol D Which is a true statement? A. T cells are activated by interacting with MHC complexes B. Activated T cells produce more T cells to fight pathogens C. a and b C Erythropoientin (EPO) is secreted by A. kidneys B. brain C. thyroid gland D. spleen A The amnion and placenta are formed in the ______ A. Second trimester B. Third trimester C. First trimester C Estradoil levels are high in the _______ A. follicular phase B. luteal phase C. spermatogenesis stage A True or False: MHS Antigen presentation links innate and adaptive immune responses True True or False: Antibodies are a part of the adaptive immune system True Innate immunity is when.... A. immune system cells that need activation to respond to foreign invaders B. immune system cells that attack body tissues C. immune system cells are ready to respond to foreign invaders at all times C True or False Skin is barrier to entry of pathogens True Which of these is not a vaccine? A. attenuated virus B. T cells C. isolated viral proteins D. inactivated virus B 3/5 What is not involved in the inflammatory response A. chemokines B. macrophages C. mast cells D. hepatocytes D Rheumatoid arthritis is an example of.. A. Autoimmune disease B. Immunodeficiency disease C. Viral disease D. Bacterial disease A The sarcomere is made up of thin filament proteins, called ________. A. ATRT B. calcium C. actin D. acetylcholine E. myosin C Which of these is an endocrine gland? A. pituitary B. thyroid C. adrenal D. all of the above D _________muscles increase the angle at a joint. A. flexor B. extensor C. ball-and-socket D. rotation B Acetylcholine stimulates contraction of this muscle in stomach and intestine. A. skeletal muscle B. smooth muscle C. cardiac muscle D. None of the above 4/5 B What are the type of chemical signals that act on the same cell that secretes them? A. endocrine B. autocrine C. paracrine B Gametogenesis in mammals occurs by ___________ A. meiosis B. mitosis C. hermaphrodite A ADH is released from this gland A. adrenal B. pituitary C. thyroid B Most mammals are ______________ in nature Selected Answer: A. viviparous B. oviparous C. ovoviviparous D. all of the above A True or False True Leptin is a hormone True or False True Mammals have an XX/XY system of sex determination 5/5