University:
Sam Houston State University
Course:
CHEM 1406 | Inorganic & Environmental Chemistry 2
Academic year:

2022
Views:

291

Pages:

13
Author:

DSchneider

The Importance of Minerals The Importance of Minerals Animal Minerals A. Inorganic substances that animals need in small amounts B. Major (macro)--Needed in larger amounts C. Micro Minerals- Needed in small amounts 2 Major/Macro Minerals Calcium 1. a. b. c. d. Functions Bone and teeth development Essential for lactating animals and laying hens Nerve and muscle function Maintain acid-based balance of body fluids 2. a. b. c. d. Deficiency symptoms Rickets Broken bones Slow growth Milk fever 3 Major/Macro Minerals Calcium 3. Sources a. Grains, grain by-products, straw, dried manure, grasses, protein supplements from plants b. Forages (grasses, legumes) c. Fish meal, milk, citrus pulp 4. Calcium Toxicity a. Decreased absorption of other minerals b. Calcification of soft body tissues c. Kidney stone formation (Note: The calcium-phosphorus ratio in the feed must be kept between 1:1 to 2:1for proper utilization of both minerals.) 4 Major/Macro Minerals Phosphorus 1. Functions a. b. c. d. e. f. Bone and teeth growth and development Appetite Milk and egg production Reproduction Conversion of carotene to vitamin A Vitamin D utilization a. b. c. d. e. Lameness Stiffness of joints Lowered appetite Reduced rate of gain Breeding problems 2. Deficiency symptoms 5 Major/Macro Minerals Phosphorus 3. a. b. c. d. Sources Feeds such as wheat bran, meat scraps, tankage, fish meal, dried skim milk Legume and grass pastures Cereal grains and by-products Mineral supplements 6 Major/Macro Minerals Salt (sodium and chlorine) 1. a. b. c. d. Functions Maintain osmotic pressure in body cells Maintain neutral pH level in body tissues Muscle and nerve activity Formation of hydrochloric acid in digestive juices 2. a. b. c. d. e. Deficiency symptoms Lack of appetite Unthrifty appearance Reduced growth Lowered reproduction Eating soil 7 Major/Macro Minerals Salt (sodium and chlorine) 3. Sources a. Hay salt (loose) b. Salt block 4. Toxicity a. Cause—Restricted water with salt intake b. Symptoms—Staggering gait, blindness, nervous disorder, hypertension 8 Major/Macro Minerals Potassium 1. a. b. c. d. 2. a. b. c. d. Functions Osmotic pressure Maintain acid-base balance of body fluids Muscle activity Carbohydrate digestion Deficiency symptoms Slow growth rate Reduced feed consumption Muscle weakness Diarrhea 9 Major/Macro Minerals Potassium 3. Sources a. Forages b. Grains and concentrates 4. a. b. c. Toxicity Diarrhea Tremors Heart failure 10 1. a. b. c. d. e. Major/Macro Minerals Magnesium Functions Activate enzyme systems in body Proper maintenance of nervous system Carbohydrate digestion Utilization of zinc, phosphorus and nitrates Normal skeletal development 2. Deficiency symptoms a. Muscle spasms and convulsions b. Hyperirritability 11 Major/Macro Minerals Magnesium 3. a. b. c. Sources Most rations contain enough Can be mixed with salt or supplement If diet is low, magnesium will be pulled from bones 12 Sulfur 1. a. b. c. d. 2. a. b. 3. a. b. Major/Macro Minerals Functions Amino acids make-up Lipid metabolism Carbohydrate metabolism Energy metabolism Deficiency symptoms Unthriftiness Slow growth Sources Forages—Especially legumes Water 13