Pulmonary/Respiratory Medications

Pulmonary/Respiratory Medications – Nursing Student Study Guide 1. Beta2 Adrenergic Agonists Example: Albuterol (Proventil) Used for: - Asthma and COPD - Emergency rescue inhaler for asthma attacks How it works: - Opens airways by stimulating beta2 receptors (bronchodilation) Common Side Effects: - Tachycardia - Palpitations - Nervousness - Tremors Nursing Tips: - Use before other inhalers to improve absorption - Educate patient this is for acute attacks, not daily use 2. Inhaled Anticholinergics Example: Ipratropium (Atrovent) Used for: - Daily maintenance in COPD - Reduces mucus production Not for emergency use! Common Side Effects: - Dry mouth - Urinary retention - Increased intraocular pressure (avoid in glaucoma) Anticholinergic Effects: - Dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention - Dilated pupils, dry eyes, blurred vision - Drowsiness, dizziness, heat intolerance Nursing Tips: - Rinse mouth after use - Encourage fluids and monitor urinary output 3. Glucocorticoids (Steroids) Example: Prednisone (Deltasone) Used for: - Reducing airway inflammation in asthma and COPD Routes: Oral, IV, inhaled, or nasal Common Side Effects: - Adrenal suppression (taper slowly) - Hyperglycemia - Increased risk of infection - Weight gain (with long-term use) Nursing Tips: - Never stop abruptly – taper dose - Monitor glucose and signs of infection - Rinse mouth after inhaled use 4. Expectorants Example: Guaifenesin (Mucinex) Used for: - Loosening mucus to make coughing more productive Nursing Tips: - Take with 8 oz of water - Increase daily fluid intake - Do not crush or chew extended-release tablets Summary Table for Review Drug Class Example Used For Key Side Effects Important Notes Beta2 Adrenergic Agonists Albuterol Asthma attacks, COPD Tachycardia, tremors, flare-ups palpitations Inhaled Anticholinergics Ipratropium Maintenance for COPD Glucocorticoids Prednisone Asthma/COPD inflammation High glucose, infection risk, Taper off slowly, monitor adrenal suppression glucose & signs of infection Expectorants Guaifenesin Loosens mucus for easier coughing Minor GI upset Rescue inhaler – use during acute symptoms Dry mouth, glaucoma risk, Not for emergency use; avoid urinary retention in glaucoma Take with fluids; do not crush tablets