Chapter 04 Defining the Project Fill in the Blank

Chapter 04 - Defining the Project 31. A selective outline of the project that ensures the identification of all tasks and an understanding of what is to be done is called a _______________. work breakdown structure Once the scope and deliverables have been identified, the work of the project can be successively subdivided into smaller and smaller work elements. The outcome of this hierarchical process is called the work breakdown structure (WBS). AACSB: Reflective Thinking Bloom's: Knowledge Learning Objective: Step 3: Creating the Work Breakdown Structure Level: Easy 32. The first step in planning any project is to ________. define the project scope Defining the project scope sets the stage for developing a project plan. Project scope is a definition of the end result or mission of your project—a product or service for your client/customer. AACSB: Reflective Thinking Bloom's: Knowledge Learning Objective: Step 1: Defining the Project Scope Level: Easy 33. The primary purpose of the first step of defining a project is to identify the ________ for the end user and to focus project plans. objective The first step of project scope definition is to define the overall objective to meet your customer's need(s). AACSB: Analytic Bloom's: Comprehension Learning Objective: Step 1: Defining the Project Scope Level: Medium 4-34 Chapter 04 - Defining the Project 34. Significant events in a project that occur at a specific point in time, are natural control points, and are easily recognized by project participants are known as ___________. Milestones A milestone is a significant event in a project that occurs at a point in time. The milestone schedule shows only major segments of work; it represents first, rough-cut estimates of time, cost, and resources for the project. AACSB: Analytic Bloom's: Knowledge Learning Objective: Step 1: Defining the Project Scope Level: Medium 35. The need for a computer to function in countries having different electrical systems is an example of a ________. technical requirement More frequently than not, a product or service will have technical requirements to ensure proper performance. For example, a technical requirement for a personal computer might be the ability to accept 120-volt alternating current or 240-volt direct current without any adapters or user switches. AACSB: Analytic Bloom's: Comprehension Learning Objective: Step 1: Defining the Project Scope Level: Medium 36. The agreement that training will be the responsibility of the customer is an example of a project ________. limit and exclusion The limits of scope should be defined. Failure to do so can lead to false expectations and to expending resources and time on the wrong problem. AACSB: Analytic Bloom's: Comprehension Learning Objective: Step 1: Defining the Project Scope Level: Medium 4-35 Chapter 04 - Defining the Project 37. A project parameter such as completion date or cost is ________ if it is fixed and must be met. constrained The original parameter is fixed. The project must meet the completion date, specifications and scope of the project, or budget. AACSB: Analytic Bloom's: Comprehension Learning Objective: Step 2: Establishing Project Priorities Level: Medium 38. Taking advantage of opportunities to reduce costs or accelerate the schedule are examples of project criteria being classified as ________. enhance In the case of time and cost, this usually means taking advantage of opportunities to either reduce costs or shorten the schedule. Conversely, with regard to performance, enhancing means adding value to the project. AACSB: Analytic Bloom's: Comprehension Learning Objective: Step 2: Establishing Project Priorities Level: Medium 39. In making project trade-offs, a criteria that is allowed to not meet the original target is classified as ________. accept Questions to ask in regards to accept. For which criterion is it tolerable not to meet the original parameters? When trade-offs have to be made, is it permissible for the schedule to slip, to reduce the scope and performance of the project, or to go over budget? AACSB: Analytic Bloom's: Comprehension Learning Objective: Step 2: Establishing Project Priorities Level: Medium 4-36 Chapter 04 - Defining the Project 40. Developing a ________ provides a forum for clearly establishing priorities with customers and top management so as to create shared expectations and avoid misunderstandings. priority matrix One technique found in practice that is useful for this purpose is completing a priority matrix for the project to identify which criterion is constrained, which should be enhanced, and which can be accepted. AACSB: Analytic Bloom's: Knowledge Learning Objective: Step 2: Establishing Project Priorities Level: Medium 41. The result of subdividing the work of a project into smaller and smaller work elements is called ________. work breakdown structure Once the scope and deliverables have been identified, the work of the project can be successively subdivided into smaller and smaller work elements. The outcome of this hierarchical process is called the work breakdown structure (WBS). AACSB: Reflective Thinking Bloom's: Knowledge Learning Objective: Step 3: Creating the Work Breakdown Structure Level: Easy 42. The most detailed element in the hierarchical breakdown of the project work to be accomplished is known as the ________. work package The lowest level of the WBS is called a work package. Work packages are short duration tasks that have a definite start and stop point, consume resources, and represent cost. AACSB: Reflective Thinking Bloom's: Comprehension Learning Objective: Step 3: Creating the Work Breakdown Structure Level: Easy 4-37 Chapter 04 - Defining the Project 43. A(n) ________ is a grouping of work packages for monitoring progress and responsibility. cost account See Figure 4.3 on Page 108. AACSB: Reflective Thinking Bloom's: Comprehension Learning Objective: Step 3: Creating the Work Breakdown Structure Level: Easy 44. Practice suggests that a work package should not exceed ________ workdays or one reporting period. ten Practice suggests a work package should not exceed 10 workdays or one reporting period. If a work package has a duration exceeding 10 days, check or monitoring points should be established within the duration, say, every three to five days, so progress and problems can be identified before too much time has passed. AACSB: Reflective Thinking Bloom's: Comprehension Learning Objective: Step 3: Creating the Work Breakdown Structure Level: Easy 45. The process of assigning specific work packages to a particular group or person within the organization is called ________. organization breakdown structure The WBS is used to link the organizational units responsible for performing the work. In practice, the outcome of this process is the organization breakdown structure (OBS). AACSB: Reflective Thinking Bloom's: Comprehension Learning Objective: Step 4: Integrating the WBS with the Organization Level: Easy 4-38 Chapter 04 - Defining the Project 46. The final step in the defining of a project is focused on assigning ________ to each of the work packages. codes Gaining the maximum usefulness of a breakdown structure depends on a coding system. The codes are used to define levels and elements in the WBS, organization elements, work packages, and budget and cost information. AACSB: Analytic Bloom's: Comprehension Learning Objective: Step 5: Coding the WBS for the Information System Level: Medium 47. In a work breakdown structure the ________ is the focal point because all budgets, work assignments, time, cost, and technical performance come together at that point. cost account The "cost account" is the focal point because all budgets, work assignments time, cost, and technical performance come together at this point. AACSB: Analytic Bloom's: Knowledge Learning Objective: Step 5: Coding the WBS for the Information System Level: Medium 48. Once the __________ has been established, it is the basis for making trade-off decisions later in the project. Priority Matrix If midway through the project, a trade-off must be made between cost and expediting, which criterion has priority? One technique found in practice that is useful for this purpose is completing a priority matrix for the project to identify which criterion is constrained, which should be enhanced, and which can be accepted. AACSB: Analytic Bloom's: Comprehension Learning Objective: Step 2: Establishing Project Priorities Level: Medium 4-39 Chapter 04 - Defining the Project 49. In a ________ the project is organized around phases or groups of activities rather than the more conventional deliverables. work breakdown structure Once the scope and deliverables have been identified, the work of the project can be successively subdivided into smaller and smaller work elements. The outcome of this hierarchical process is called the work breakdown structure (WBS). AACSB: Analytic Bloom's: Knowledge Learning Objective: Step 3: Creating the Work Breakdown Structure Level: Medium 50. The ________ summarizes, in graphic format, the tasks to be accomplished and who is responsible for what on a given project. responsibility matrix The RM (sometimes called a linear responsibility chart) summarizes the tasks to be accomplished and who is responsible for what on a project. AACSB: Analytic Bloom's: Knowledge Learning Objective: Responsibility Matrices Level: Easy 51. The Work Breakdown Structure is an outline of the project with different levels of __________. detail The WBS is an outline of the project with different levels of detail. AACSB: Analytic Bloom's: Comprehension Learning Objective: Step 3: Creating the Work Breakdown Structure Level: Medium 4-40 Chapter 04 - Defining the Project 52. The purposes of the ____________ are to provide a framework to summarize organization unit work performance, identify organization units responsible for work packages, and tie the organizational unit to cost control accounts. OBS (Organization Breakdown Structure) The purposes of the OBS are to provide a framework to summarize organization unit work performance, identify organization units responsible for work packages, and tie the organizational unit to cost control accounts. AACSB: Reflective Thinking Bloom's: Knowledge Learning Objective: Step 4: Integrating the WBS with the Organization Level: Easy 53. The most commonly used method for coding the WBS is __________. numeric indention The most commonly used scheme in practice is numeric indention. AACSB: Reflective Thinking Bloom's: Knowledge Learning Objective: Step 5: Coding the WBS for the Information System Level: Easy 54. The gradual expansion of project requirements during the execution of project is known as __________. scope creep Scope describes what you expect to deliver to your customer when the project is complete. Your project scope should define the results to be achieved in specific, tangible, and measurable terms. AACSB: Reflective Thinking Bloom's: Knowledge Learning Objective: Step 1: Defining the Project Scope Level: Easy 4-41