The Recording Process Solutions Part 1

CHAPTER 2 The Recording Process ASSIGNMENT CLASSIFICATION TABLE Study Objectives Questions 1. Explain what an account is and how it helps in the recording process. 1 2. Define debits and credits and explain their use in recording business transactions. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14, 21 3. Identify the basic steps in the recording process. 4. Brief Exercises A Problems B Problems 1A, 2A, 3A, 5A 1B, 2B, 3B, 5B 1A, 2A, 3A, 5A 1B, 2B, 3B, 5B 9, 12 2A, 3A, 5A 2B, 3B, 5B 9, 10, 11, 13, 14 2A, 3A, 4A, 5A 2B, 3B, 4B, 5B Do It! Exercises 2 1 1, 2, 5 4 2, 4, 6, 7, 14 10, 19 4 6 6, 7 Explain what a journal is and how it helps in the recording process. 11, 12, 13, 14, 16 3, 6 7 3, 5, 6, 7 10, 11, 12 5. Explain what a ledger is and how it helps in the recording process. 17 6. Explain what posting is and how it helps in the recording process. 15, 17 7, 8 7. Prepare a trial balance and explain its purposes. 18, 20 9, 10 8 ASSIGNMENT CHARACTERISTICS TABLE Problem Number Description Difficulty Level Time Allotted (min.) 1A Journalize a series of transactions. Simple 20–30 2A Journalize transactions, post, and prepare a trial balance. Simple 30–40 3A Journalize and post transactions, and prepare a trial balance. Moderate 40–50 4A Prepare a correct trial balance. Moderate 30–40 5A Journalize transactions, post, and prepare a trial balance. Moderate 40–50 1B Journalize a series of transactions. Simple 20–30 2B Journalize transactions, post, and prepare a trial balance. Simple 30–40 3B Journalize transactions, post, and prepare a trial balance. Moderate 40–50 4B Prepare a correct trial balance. Moderate 30–40 5B Journalize transactions, post, and prepare a trial balance. Moderate 40–50 WEYGANDT ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES 9E CHAPTER 2 THE RECORDING PROCESS Number SO BT Difficulty Time (min.) BE1 2 C Simple 6–8 BE2 2 C Simple 4–6 BE3 4 AP Simple 4–6 BE4 3 C Moderate 4–6 BE5 2 C Simple 6–8 BE6 4 AP Simple 4–6 BE7 6 AP Simple 4–6 BE8 6 AP Simple 4–6 BE9 7 AP Simple 4–6 BE10 7 AN Moderate 6–8 DI1 2 C Simple 3–5 DI2 4 AP Simple 3–5 DI3 6 AP Simple 2–4 DI4 7 AP Simple 6–8 EX1 1 K Simple 2–4 EX2 2 C Simple 10–15 EX3 4 AP Simple 8–10 EX4 2 C Simple 6–8 EX5 4 AP Simple 6–8 EX6 2–4 AP Simple 6–8 EX7 2–4 AP Simple 8–10 EX8 5 K Simple 2–4 EX9 6, 7 AP Simple 10–12 EX10 4, 7 AP Moderate 10–12 EX11 4, 7 AP Moderate 12–15 EX12 4, 6 AP Moderate 12–15 EX13 7 AN Moderate 6–8 EX14 2, 7 AP Simple 8–10 THE RECORDING PROCESS (Continued) Number SO BT Difficulty Time (min.) P1A 2, 4 AP Simple 20–30 P2A 2, 4, 6, 7 AP Simple 30–40 P3A 2, 4, 6, 7 AP Moderate 40–50 P4A 7 AN Moderate 30–40 P5A 2, 4, 6, 7 AP Moderate 40–50 P1B 2, 4 AP Simple 20–30 P2B 2, 4, 6, 7 AP Simple 30–40 P3B 2, 4, 6, 7 AP Moderate 40–50 P4B 7 AN Moderate 30–40 P5B 2, 4, 6, 7 AP Moderate 40–50 BYP1 2 C Simple 8–10 BYP2 2, 6 AN Simple 8–10 BYP3 — AP Simple 15–20 BYP4 6, 7 AP, S Moderate 20–30 BYP5 3, 6 S Simple 10–15 BYP6 7 AN, E Moderate 10–15 BYP7 — E Moderate 15–20 Explain what a journal is and how it helps in the recording process. Explain what a ledger is and how it helps in the recording process. Explain what posting is and how it helps in the recording process. Prepare a trial balance and explain its purposes. 4. 5. 6. 7. Broadening Your Perspective Identify the basic steps in the recording process. 3. E2-8 Q2-12 Q2-10 Define debits and credits and Q2–21 explain their use in recording business transactions. 2. Knowledge Q2-1 E2-1 Explain what an account is and how it helps in the recording process. 1. Study Objective Q2-7 Q2-8 Q2-9 Q2-14 BE2-1 BE2-9 DI2-4 E2-9 E2-10 BE2-7 BE2-8 DI2-3 E2-9 Q2-16 BE2-3 BE2-6 DI2-2 E2-3 E2-5 E2-6 E2-6 E2-7 BE2-2 E2-6 BE2-5 E2-7 DI2-1 E2-14 E2-2 P2-1A E2-4 P2-2A P2-5A P2-1B P2-2B P2-3B P2-5B E2-11 E2-14 P2-2A P2-3A P2-5A P2-2B P2-3B P2-5B E2-12 P2-2B P2-2A P2-3B P2-3A P2-5B P2-5A E2-7 E2-10 E2-11 E2-12 P2-1A P2-2A P2-3A P2-3A P2-5B P2-5A P2-1B P2-2B P2-3B Application Financial Reporting Decision Making Across the Organization Exploring the Web Q2-18 Q2-15 Q2-17 Q2-17 Q2-11 Q2-13 Q2-14 Q2-19 BE2-4 Q2-2 Q2-3 Q2-4 Q2-5 Q2-6 Comprehension P2-4B Synthesis Evaluation Comparative Analysis Communication All About You Decision Making Ethics Case Across the Organization Q2-20 BE2-10 E2-13 P2-4A Analysis Correlation Chart between Bloom’s Taxonomy, Study Objectives and End-of-Chapter Exercises and Problems BLOOM’S TAXONOMY TABLE ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS 1. A T account has the following parts: (a) the title, (b) the left or debit side, and (c) the right or credit side. 2. Disagree. The terms debit and credit mean left and right respectively. 3. Jeff is incorrect. The double-entry system merely records the dual effect of a transaction on the accounting equation. A transaction is not recorded twice; it is recorded once, with a dual effect. 4. Maria is incorrect. A debit balance only means that debit amounts exceed credit amounts in an account. Conversely, a credit balance only means that credit amounts are greater than debit amounts in an account. Thus, a debit or credit balance is neither favorable nor unfavorable. 5. (a) Asset accounts are increased by debits and decreased by credits. (b) Liability accounts are decreased by debits and increased by credits. (c) Revenues and owner’s capital are increased by credits and decreased by debits. Expenses and owner’s drawing are increased by debits and decreased by credits. 6. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) Accounts Receivable—debit balance. Cash—debit balance. Owner’s Drawing—debit balance. Accounts Payable—credit balance. Service Revenue—credit balance. Salaries Expense—debit balance. Owner’s Capital—credit balance. 7. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Accounts Receivable—asset—debit balance. Accounts Payable—liability—credit balance Equipment—asset—debit balance. Owner’s Drawing—owner’s equity—debit balance. Supplies—asset—debit balance. 8. (a) Debit Supplies and credit Accounts Payable. (b) Debit Cash and credit Notes Payable. (c) Debit Salaries Expense and credit Cash. 9. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 10. Cash—both debit and credit entries. Accounts Receivable—both debit and credit entries. Owner’s Drawing—debit entries only. Accounts Payable—both debit and credit entries. Salaries Expense—debit entries only. Service Revenue—credit entries only. The basic steps in the recording process are: (1) Analyze each transaction for its effect on the accounts. (2) Enter the transaction information in a journal. (3) Transfer the journal information to the appropriate accounts in the ledger. Questions Chapter 2 (Continued) 11. The advantages of using the journal in the recording process are: (1) It discloses in one place the complete effects of a transaction. (2) It provides a chronological record of all transactions. (3) It helps to prevent or locate errors because the debit and credit amounts for each entry can be easily compared. 12. (a) The debit should be entered first. (b) The credit should be indented. 13. When three or more accounts are required in one journal entry, the entry is referred to as a compound entry. An example of a compound entry is the purchase of equipment, part of which is paid for with cash and the remainder is on account. 14. (a) No, debits and credits should not be recorded directly in the ledger. (b) The advantages of using the journal are: 1. It discloses in one place the complete effects of a transaction. 2. It provides a chronological record of all transactions. 3. It helps to prevent or locate errors because the debit and credit amounts for each entry can be easily compared. 15. The advantage of the last step in the posting process is to indicate that the item has been posted. 16. (a) Cash ............................................................................................................. Hector Molina, Capital .................................................................... (Invested cash in the business) 9,000 (b) Prepaid Insurance ..................................................................................... Cash................................................................................................... (Paid one-year insurance policy) 800 (c) (d) 17. 9,000 800 Supplies....................................................................................................... Accounts Payable............................................................................ (Purchased supplies on account) 2,000 Cash ............................................................................................................. Service Revenue ............................................................................. (Received cash for services rendered) 7,500 2,000 7,500 (a) The entire group of accounts maintained by a company, including all the asset, liability, and owner’s equity accounts, is referred to collectively as the ledger. (b) A chart of accounts is a list of accounts and the account numbers that identify their location in the ledger. The chart of accounts is important, particularly for a company that has a large number of accounts, because it helps organize the accounts and define the level of detail that a company desires in its accounting system. Questions Chapter 2 (Continued) 18. A trial balance is a list of accounts and their balances at a given time. The primary purpose of a trial balance is to prove (check) that the debits equal the credits after posting. A trial balance also facilitates the discovery of errors in journalizing and posting. In addition, it is useful in preparing financial statements. 19. No, Jim is not correct. The proper sequence is as follows: (b) Business transaction occurs. (c) Information entered in the journal. (a) Debits and credits posted to the ledger. (e) Trial balance is prepared. (d) Financial statements are prepared. 20. (a) The trial balance would balance. (b) The trial balance would not balance. 21. The normal balances are Cash debit, Accounts Payable credit, and Interest Expense debit. SOLUTIONS TO BRIEF EXERCISES BRIEF EXERCISE 2-1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Accounts Payable Advertising Expense Service Revenue Accounts Receivable A. J. Ritter, Capital A. J. Ritter, Drawing (a) Debit Effect Decrease Increase Decrease Increase Decrease Increase (b) Credit Effect Increase Decrease Increase Decrease Increase Decrease (c) Normal Balance Credit Debit Credit Debit Credit Debit BRIEF EXERCISE 2-2 June 1 2 3 12 Account Debited Cash Equipment Rent Expense Accounts Receivable Account Credited Hank Norris, Capital Accounts Payable Cash Service Revenue BRIEF EXERCISE 2-3 June 1 Cash.................................................................................. Hank Norris, Capital ........................................... 5,000 2 Equipment ...................................................................... Accounts Payable ............................................... 900 3 Rent Expense................................................................. Cash......................................................................... 800 12 Accounts Receivable .................................................. Service Revenue.................................................. 300 5,000 900 800 300 BRIEF EXERCISE 2-4 The basic steps in the recording process are: 1. Analyze each transaction. In this step, business documents are examined to determine the effects of the transaction on the accounts. 2. Enter each transaction in a journal. This step is called journalizing and it results in making a chronological record of the transactions. 3. Transfer journal information to ledger accounts. This step is called posting. Posting makes it possible to accumulate the effects of journalized transactions on individual accounts. BRIEF EXERCISE 2-5 (a) Aug. Effect on Accounting Equation (b) Debit-Credit Analysis 1 The asset Cash is increased; the owner’s equity account T. J. Carlin, Capital is increased. Debits increase assets: debit Cash $8,000. Credits increase owner’s equity: credit T. J. Carlin, Capital $8,000. 4 The asset Prepaid Insurance is increased; the asset Cash is decreased. Debits increase assets: debit Prepaid Insurance $1,800. Credits decrease assets: credit Cash $1,800. 16 The asset Cash is increased; the revenue Service Revenue is increased. Debits increase assets: debit Cash $800. Credits increase revenues: credit Service Revenue $800. 27 The expense Salaries Expense is increased; the asset Cash is decreased. Debits increase expenses: debit Salaries Expense $1,000. Credits decrease assets: credit Cash $1,000.