Vocabulary: Cell Structure

Vocabulary: Cell Structure Cell membrane – a double-layered membrane that surrounds the cell. Also called the plasma membrane, it regulates what enters and leaves the cell. Cell wall - the rigid, porous outer layer of a plant cell. Centriole - a bundle of microtubules that helps organize the movement of chromosomes during cell division. Chloroplast – an organelle that converts the radiant energy of the Sun into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis. Cytoplasm - everything between the nuclear membrane and the cell membrane. 이 The cytoplasm includes a jelly-like substance called cytosol along with all of the organelles, molecules, and other structures found in this region. Endoplasmic reticulum - a network of passageways in which chemical compounds are manufactured, processed, and transported. Golgi apparatus - a stack of membranes that collects, modifies, and packages chemical compounds. Lysosome - a small sac, or vesicle, that contains digestive chemicals. Mitochondria - organelles that, using oxygen, convert nutrients into energy that can be used by the cell. Nuclear membrane - a double-layered membrane that surrounds the nucleus. Nucleolus - a small body in the nucleus where ribosomes are synthesized. Nucleus - a round body in the cell that contains DNA and regulates gene expression. Organelle - a cell structure that performs a specific function. Plastid - small structure that can store food (leucoplast) or pigment (chromoplast). Ribosome - tiny structure where proteins are synthesized. Vacuole - a type of vesicle that stores water, nutrients, and other chemicals. The large vacuole found in plant cells helps the cells maintain their shape. Vesicle - small, sac-like package of nutrients, proteins, or water created by the Golgi apparatus. Types of vesicles include vacuoles and lysosomes.