Vienna and Austrian Liberalism in the Twentieth Century

VIENNA AND AUSTRIAN LIBERALISM IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 1. Introduction  Vienna as the capital of the old Austrian Empire in the early 20th century.  Diverse regions and ethnic groups under the rule of a supranational dynasty.  Maintenance of empire's integrity through bureaucracy and military forces. 2. Josephinian Traits and Unified Rule  Bureaucracy preserving Josephinian traits for unified rule.  Emperor Franz-Joseph's command over the diverse military forces. 3. Economic Landscape  Domestic market protection through common tariffs and Viennese banks.  Jewish element in Viennese banks and their role in the empire's business. 4. Political Liberalism  Origin of political liberalism in the failed March Revolution.  Rise of the Constitutional Party in 1867 but limited base. 5. Challenges and Strategies  Attempts to expand liberalism to the working population.  Appeal to German nationalism against the emerging Slavic threat. 6. Max Menger's Role  Max Menger's political career and evolution of his positions.  Defending German assets during ethnic conflicts. 7. Decline of Liberal Party  Weakening of the liberal party and electoral reforms.  Emperor's appointment of non-German aristocrats to manage conflicts. 8. Anti-Semitism and Decline  Spread of anti-Semitism impacting liberals.  Emergence of pan-Germanism and the end of liberal parties. 9. Carl Menger  Carl Menger's role as a liberal journalist and educator.  His influence and connections in the liberal circle. 10.Debate on Method  "Debate on method" between Menger and Gustav Schmoller.  Menger's principles: self-interest in social science and spontaneous order. 11.Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk  Böhm-Bawerk's role in administration and academia.  His contributions to finance and critique of profit theory. 12.Friedrich von Wieser  Wieser's adaptation of liberalism for mass politics.  Balancing conflicting powers and integrating the state. 13.Schumpeter and Mises  Schumpeter and Mises attending the 1905 seminar.  Focus on dynamic theory of capitalism and the role of money. 14.Mises's Monetary Theory  Mises's abandonment of naive assumptions in exchange.  Monetary theory of exchange for indirect exchange. 15.Viennese Theory of Economic Fluctuation  Mises's view of monetary economy and investment financing.  The role of bank credit and the collapse of artificial investment booms. 16. Conclusion  Vienna's role in the development of Austrian liberalism.  The legacy of key figures like Carl Menger and Ludwig von Mises.