Exploring Types of Companies and Economic Concepts

University:
Swansea University
Course:
N1NF | Business Management (Marketing) with a Foundation Year
Academic year:

2023
Views:

385

Pages:

1
Author:

Thomas G.

Lecture Notes Title: “Exploring Types of Companies and Economic Concepts " I. Introduction • Overview of Different Types of Companies and Economic Concepts II. Municipal Companies • Autonomous companies established by municipalities to manage public services • Examples include gas, water, electricity distribution, pharmacies, urban transportation, waste collection III. Public Companies • Entities used by the state or local authorities to manage public services • Diverse legal forms and levels of autonomy • Examples: Ferrovie dello Stato (FS), Azienda Energetica Municipale di Milano (AEM) • Primary goal: satisfying public interest, not profit IV. State-Owned Companies • Companies with budgets attached to the state's general budget • Examples: Monopolies of State, National Autonomous Roads Company (ANAS), State Forestry Company • Budgets presented to and approved by Parliament V. Barter • Exchange of goods or services without involving money • Exists today in secondary roles, often in international trade with developing countries VI. Business Name (Ditta) • The name under which a business is conducted • Can be a "fictitious" name but must include the entrepreneur's last name or initials VII. Corporations • Entities funded by contributions from members or the community • Contributions can be voluntary (e.g., sports or cultural associations) or obligatory (e.g., taxes) • Contrast with Foundations VIII. Foundations • Entities funded by a productive heritage, typically acquired through inheritance or donation • Resources are dedicated to specific cultural, educational, religious, or welfare purposes IX. Entrepreneur • An individual who professionally conducts organized economic activities for the production and exchange of goods or services (as per art. 2082 of the Italian Civil Code) X. Management • Administrators and high-level executives in a company • Refers to both the individuals leading the company and the functions they perform to achieve predefined goals