Semester 2 Honors Physics Final Study Guide

KEY 2013-2014 Semester 2 Honors Physics Exam Review Waves, sound and light chapters 14. 15. 17. 18 1. Define the 3 types of mechanical waves. woter waves, sourd waves, rope/spring waves 2. Wave speed is determined by what factor? Amplitude is determined by what factor? energy v: d/t 3. Sketch and label parts of a transverse wave. amplitude v=Af: (50Hz) (2m) =1.00mls/ 4. What is the relationship between the frequency and the period of a wave? f trough 5. What is the speed of a wave with a 50Hz frequency and wave length of 2m? 6. State the principle of superposition and define constructive and destructive interference. back side of page 7. Sketch a standing wave and label the nodes and antinodes. antinode node mediun to another; 8. Define and refraction and give an example. when light passes trom one 9. What type of wave is sound? How are sound waves produced? mechanical, longitudinal 10. What determines the loudness of a sound? variation transmitted L↳ pressure through matter amplitude 11. What determines the pitch of a musical note? frequency 12. How do beats occur? How is the frequency of the beats related to the frequencies of the notes that superposition of 2 produce them? sound waves with almost identical frequencies. treat Ifa fel 13. What happens to the pitch of a sound emitted by a fast moving object coming towards you? doppler offect-Pitch gets higher 14. What is the accepted speed of sound at room temperature? What happens to the speed as the V= 343 m/s temperature increases? Explain-speed increases as temp. increases 15. Why does a tuba sound different than a flute? clifferent pitch 16. What is the frequency of sound produced by an open tube 20.2 cm in length at resonance?f= 17. Compare the speed of sound in a liquid, solid and gas. Fastest 24 slowest 202 11698 HZ 343 solid liquid gas 18. What is light? How does the frequency of visible light relate to the rest of the electromagnetic Lelectromagnetic wave ↳ between 10 and 10's radio microwave infrared light ultra spectrum? What is the speed of light in a vacuum? violet 3x108 m/s 19. How does the speed of light change as it enters a medium with a higher density? Slower 20. Why must all indices of refraction be greater than one? because is the his heat 21. What is the speed of light in a medium with an index of refraction of 1.4? n 3×10 1.4 m/s 2.14x0 22. If a light ray strikes a plane mirror at an angle of 60 degrees to the normal, at what angle will it be reflected? ५०° 4 incidence = 4 reflection 23. Compare regular and diffuse reflection. ↓ smooth ↓ Surfaces rough surfaces orinciple of superposition: displacement of o more viaves is the caused by the Sum medium caused by two of the individual waves. or displacements constructive Interference: maximum interference of the anti nocle AAA destrustive interference: interfererice at either individual the antinode less than wave 24. Why does a prism-break light into the colors of the spectrum? 25. Give the formula for Snell's law. n, sint, = n₂sinoz 26. How does Oi relate to Or as light passes into a denser medium? more closer derse light will refract to the normal 27. A light beam hits crown glass at and angle of 30.0 degrees, what is the angle of refraction? Aglass lis2 catalass nesinf (530) (1.5275'00 28. Describe the image produced by a plane mirror? some 29. Distinguish between a real and virtual image. 0.5/1.52 * (1.5 * 0.5Ir*theta)/(sqrt(0.52)) reals rays converge virtual Frais diverge 30. An object with a height of 2 cm is placed 8cm from a lens with a focal length of 4cm find the distance to the image and the height of the image using both a ray diagram and the lens equation. b_{0} = 2em d_{1} = 8cm f = 4cm 1/f = 1/d_{1} + 1/d_{0} * 1/d_{1} + 1/4 + 1/d_{0} 0.25 0.125 2F et hi-di do di 0.375 di do Chapter 12 Thermal Energy (Heat) d_{i} = 1/0.375 =|2,67 cm k i 2 = -2.67 8 cm Rightarrow 8/8 * n_{i} = - 5.84/8 1. What is thermal energy? What is Heat? How are they different? heat energy 2 Lovelative temp. difference btwn. J 2. What is temperature? How is temperature related to thermal energy? Learg. kinetic energy by higher temp. higher thermal energy 3. Compare the motion of molecules in solids, liquids and gases. → liquids solids :SLOWEST FASTEST: gus 4. Compare the motion of molecules in a hot object to the molecules in a cold object. move slower 5. What is thermal equilibrium? Lymove faster two objects have the same temperature 6. Know the freezing and boiling temperatures on both the Kelvin and Celsius scales, and how to convert F= 1.8(°C) 32 from one scale to the other. K=^ C + 273 Ly Freezing: O°C, Boiling: 100°C C = F - 32 7. Know how heat transfers through convection, conduction and radiation. 8. What is specific heat? bestouching Ls not touching energy required to raise Ikg of substance to 9. A material has a high specific heat. What does that tell you about the material? ↳ does not easily change temp (ex. (ex: water) 10. Know how to calculate heat transferred. Equation is on page 318 and practice problems are on p. 319. Q:MCAT (find C in a table) change of phase. 11. Know what Heat of Vaporization and Heat of Fusion are, and how to calculate the heat necessary for a Ly liquid →gos solid liquid 12. Convert 150°C to Kelvin. Q=mHy Q=mH K = 150 + 273 1423 K Chapter 13 Fluids 1. What types of materials are considered fluids? Hourd, gas 2. What are the characteristics of fluids? 3. What is pressure and how is it calculated? F A 4. What is the value of atmospheric pressure at sea level? I atm 5. What are some units of pressure? Pa, kPa, N/cm², N/m², atm, mmHg, 6. Why do materials some expand when the temperature changes? pressure increases 7. What are the gaps between concrete panels in highways there for? to account for expansion when its hot 8. How does water behave when the temperature is changed? At what temperature is it most dense? Why? Ly resists temp. changg Ly liquid 9. State Archimedes' Principle. Fbuoy F 10. What is the buoyant force on a 10N object that is floating? 10 N 11. What is the buoyant force of an object that has a volume of 10m³ that is submerged? Fouoy V Pfluidg 12. What is the pressure 3m under water? P= Pobject hg= (1) (3m) (9.8) = (29.4 Pal 129.4 Pal =Ptivid (10) (१.४) 13. State Bernoulli's Principle, as velocity increases, pressure decreases Pfluid (98)/ 14. A hydraulic piston is used to lift 1030N using 45N of force. If the platform supporting the weight has an area of 1.2m², what is the area of the piston that the force is applied to? see below 15. A sample of gas has a volume of 4L and a pressure of 2 kPa when it is 273K. What will the new pressure be if the volume changes to 5L and the temperature-to-300K 16. How does the buoyant force acting on you when you float in fresh water compare to the buoyant force acting when you float in salt water? F buay g :> same 6 P 14 Fopp. 15N Fg 1030 N A 1.2 m² P: 100 = 958.33 Pa 1.2 F $ 1.2 P: F A ΑΓ 4SN P 958.33 Pa =10.052 m Chapters 20, 22 and 23, Current Electricity and Circuits 1. What are the two types of charge? How do they interact. and; like repel, unlike a tract 2. What is meant by conservation of charge? By separation of charges? or paln 3. What particle moves around, causing objects to be positively or negatively charged? electrons total charge 4. How do charges behave on an insulator? On a conductor? to not mave freely move freely 5. What are conductors and insulators? Give examples of each. Lo metals Lo Tlactic, ceramic 6. Under what circumstances will a current flow? 7. What is the SI unit of current? A mp 8. What purpose does a battery serve in a circuit? voltage Source 9. How is power calculated? (3 different equations) DV PW 10. What is Ohm's Law? R= 11. What is resistance? What are the units of resistance? 12. Be able to draw simple circuit diagrams using the symbols on page 597. raina nem voltare divided voltage some throushout 13. How are series and parallel circuits different? There are several ways-5 maybe Resistance, Voltage Current, they are wired 14. Why is overloading in parallel circuits a problem and what safety devices are used to prevent it? 15. How is electrical energy transmitted over large distances without much loss in energy-due-to-heat? fuses, cirovit breakers, ground fault interrupters, 16. Three resistors 3 ohms, 4 ohms, and 7 ohms are connected in series. What is the equivalent resistance? 17. If the three resistors in Ibare connected in parallel, what is the equivalent resistance? 18. Make sure you can work problems at the end of chapter 22 like 61-74 (p. 611) and end of chapter 23 57-67 (p. 637). 4 35 R.3-4.7 4 0.33+0.25 +0.14 0.72.R 1= 10.7618 0.72 072 R= 1.392