Study for POSI Exam 2 Notes

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Article I The Legislative Branch Characteristics of both the U.S House of Representative & U.S. Senate: ○ Senators: represent their entire states, ○ House representative: represent individuals districts ○ The number of districts in each state is determined by a state's population. Each state has a minimum of one representative in Congress. Formal & Informal qualifications of US Congress ○ Formal qualifications; Representatives to congress must be at least 25 yr old and be a citizen of the US for at least 7 yr. Senators must be at least 30 yrs old, they must be a US citizen for at least 9 yrs. ○ Informal qualifications: party identifications, name familiarity, gender, ethic characteristic, and political experience. Congressional Incumbent advantage Explain the constant congressional conflict of loyalty to political parties versus loyalty to constituencies Define Reapportionment, Redistricting, & Gerrymandering ○ Reapportionment: the process by which seats in a legislative body are distributed among administrative divisions entitled to representation. ○ Redistricting: divide or organize (an area) into new political or school district ○ Gerrymandering: achieve (a result) by manipulating the boundaries of (an electoral constituency) so as to favor one party or class. Leadership role: Speaking of the House Vs. Senate Majority Leader ○ Speaking of the House: ■ Serves as the president officer of the chamber and leader of the majority party ■ Describes who should be recognized to speak on the floor on point of order (including whether a motion or amendment is relevant to the business at hand) ■ Assign bills to committee ■ Schedules or delays votes on a bill ■ Appoints members of select special and conference committees ■ Controls patronage jobs and office space at the Capital ○ Senate Majority Leader: ■ Most powerful position in the senate ■ Chief Senate Spokesperson for the party agenda ■ Manage and schedules the legislative and executive business of the Senate ■ Recognizes the first speaking in a debate ● Mitch McConnell (R-KY) Congressional Committees: Standing, Select, Joint, & Conference How a Bill becomes law Policymaking, Representative, & Oversight Function of Congress ● Article II The Executive Branch ● Formal & Informal qualifications of the President of the United States of America ○ Formal qualifications: must be naturally-born citizen at least thirty five yrs of age and resident of the US state for fourteen yrs prior to taking office. ○ informal qualification: ● In his role as chief diplomat, the president negotiates treaties with other nations, and appoints ambassadors. When do potential presidential candidates often begin positioning themselves for presidential office? Years before the presidential Election Day When foreign countries look to the United States for leadership, they direct their attention to the President, they have the ability to forgen policy are act on their own, having the power to treaty-like arrangement. What legislative power does the president possess? The power of the veto, the power to propose legislation to congress. All but two states use the unit rule in assigning their Electoral College votes. According to this rule, the candidate who wins the popular vote in that state receives all of the states’ Electoral college votes. The Executive Office of the President including which of the following components? ○ White House Office (WHO) - consist of the president's closest personal advisor. ( IT SERVES PRESIDENT MORE DIRECTLY WITH COMMUNICATION OFFICE, OFFICE OF THE PRESS SECRETARY, OFFICE OF LEGISLATIVE) ○ Office of Management and Budgeting (OMB)- which consist of experts who formulate and administer the federal budget. ○ National Security Council (NSC), which advises the president on foreign and military affairs. ○ National Economic Council (NEC)- which assists the president on economic issues. ● ● ● ● ● ● One of the power that presidents have is that they can appoint head of federal agencies(Exam) Commander in Chief Article II, Section 2: