Modifiable Risk Factors: Alcohol

Modifiable Risk factors:Alcohol ● Accounts for substantial direct and indirect costs ● High risk uses associated with higher risks for smore than 60 chronic and acute conditions ○ Gastrointestinal Diseases ○ Neurological disorders ○ Cardiovascular disease ● Approximately half of the adverse health impacts are due to chronic diseases the other half by acute effects(accidents, violence) Modifiable Risk factor: Diet ● Consumption of fruits and vegetables often used as a proxy for overall diet quality ● People reporting less than 5 serving of fruits and vegetables daily are considered to be at risk ● May be gender difference in diet depending on measure used ○ When measured by number of serving per day, women appear to consume more fruits and vegetables than me ○ When portion sizes are taken into account, men appears to consume more than women. ● Estimated that diet related factors account for 30% of all chancers ● Poor diets is also a risk factor for numerous chronic diseases ○ Heart Disease ○ Stroke ● Contributes to several chronic conditions Modifiable Risk factor : Physical Activity ● Physical inactivity classified as less than 1.5kcal/kg/day ● Strongly linked to numerous chronic physical and mental health conditions ● Huge economic burden of physical inactivity including both direct and indirect costs ● Inversely associated with socioeconomic status ○ Low socioeconomic class tend to have lesser activity Risk conditions- factors that will increase individuals likelihood of developing disease Risk conditions-Obesity ● Defied as accumulation of excess body fat ○ BMI (kg/m^2) ○ 25.0-29.9= overweight ○ 30.0-34.9= class 1 obesity ○ 25.0-39.9= class 2 obesity ○ 40+= class 3 obesity ● Children 85th to <95th percentile for age/sex= overweight ● >95th percentile is obese ● Contributor to variety of chronic disease ○ Cardiovascular disease ○ Liver disease ○ Cancer ○ Stroke ● ○ Arthritis ○ Diabetes Also associated with other risk conditions ○ High Cholesterol Risk conditions-Hypertensions ● Contributes to number of chronic disease ○ Cardiovascular disease ○ Neurological diseases(including strokes ○ Chronic kidney disease ○ Renal Failure ○ Premature deaths and disability ● Hypertension affects more than one in five people(nearly ⅓ adults) ● Large proportions of individuals with hypertension are not aware of their conditions; therefore the true prevalence si likely higher ● Hypertension is the most common reasons to visit a doctor ● It is number 1 reason for taking medications ● The lifetime risk for developing hypertension among adults age 55 to 65 yeares with currently normal blood pressure is 90% Risk conditions- High Cholesterol ● Prevalence of elevated cholesterol has been steadily increasing over tha last 50 years ● Groups at high risk ○ Men over 45 years, women over 55 years ○ Low socioeconomics status ○ People with cluster of health condition that put them at high risk(metabolic syndrome) ● Metabolic syndrome ○ Condition involving the combination of risk conditions for heart disease ■ Overweight and obesity ■ High cholesterol ■ High glucose ■ High blood pressure ○ Having 3 or more of theses risk conditions increase the risk 2-6X more for a heart attack or stroke. Cause ● Must precede the effect(absolute requirement) ● Can be either host, agents or environmental factors ● Can be either… ○ positive=the presence of an exposure ○ negative= the absence of exposure Risk factors,risk conditions and multimorbidity falls along the chronic disease continuum to influence a person’s risk of diseases