Nutrition Final Exam

1. Energy yielding nutrients include all of the following except: a. Vitamins b. Carbohydrates c. Fat d. Protein 2. Organic nutrients include all the following except: a. Minerals b. Fat c. Carbohydrates d. Protein 3. One of the characteristics of a nutritious diet is that the diet provides no constituent in excess. This principle of excess. This principle of diet planning is called: a. Adequacy b. Balance c. Moderation d. Variety 4. A slice of peach pie supplies 357 calories with 48 units of vitamin A, one large peach provides 42 calories and 53 unites of vitamin A. This is an example of a. Calorie control b. Nutrient density c. Variety d. Essential nutrients 5. Which of the following adjustments in one’s diet would agree with the Canada Food Guide? a. Eating baked potatoes rather than French fries b. Eating fruits rather than cakes and pies c. Drinking lower-fat milk rather than whole milk d. All of the above 6. Studies of populations in which observation is accompanied by experimental manipulation of some population members are referred to as a. Case studies b. Intervention studies c. Laboratory studies d. Epidemiological studies 7. Both heart disease and cancer are due to genetic causes, and diet cannot influence wither they occur a. True b. False 8. Both carbohydrates and protein have 4 calories per gram a. True b. False 9. If a food is labelled natural, you can’t be condiment that it is more nutritious than a product not carrying that label a. True b. False 10. The recent goal of the ministers responsible for physical activity, recreation, and sport was to reduce physical inactivity among Canadians by 10 percent by the year 2010 a. True b. False 11. The nutrient standards in use today include all the following except: a. Adequate intake (AI) b. Daily minimum requirement (DMR) c. Daily Values (DV) d. A and C 12. The dietary reference intakes were devised for which of the following purposes? a. To set nutrient goals for individuals b. To suggest upper limits of intakes, above which toxicity is unlikely c. To set average nutrient requirements for use in research d. All of the above 13. According to Canada’s Food Guide, which of the following may be counted among either the meat or the vegetables? a. Chicken b. Avocados c. Cooked legumes d. Potatoes 14. Which is the following is a source of unsaturated fatty acids? a. Olives b. Nuts c. Vegetable oil d. All of the above 15. Which of the following values are found on food labels? a. Daily values b. Dietary reference intakes c. Recommended daily allowances d. Estimated average requirements 16. The energy intake recommendation is set at a level predicted to maintain body weight a. True b. False 17. The dietary reference intake (DRI) are for all people regardless of their medical history a. True b. False 18. People who choose not to eat animals or their products need to find an alternative to Canada’s Food Guide when planning their diets a. True b. False 19. By law, food labels must state as a percentage of the daily values, the amounts of vitamin C, vitamin A, niacin, and thiamin present in food a. True b. False 20. To be labelled low fat, a food must contain 3 grams of fat or less per serving a. True b. False 21. All of the following are correct concerning ulcers except: a. They usually occur in the large intestine b. Some are covered by a bacterium c. If not treated correctly, they can lead to stomach cancer d. Their symptoms can be masked by using antacids regularly 22. Which of the following increases the production of intestinal gas? a. Chewing gum b. Drinking carbonated beverages c. Eating certain vegetables d. All of the above 23. Chemical digestion of all nutrients mainly occurs in which organ? a. Mouth b. Stomach c. Small intestine d. Large intestine 24. Which chemical substance released by the pancreas neutralizes stomach acid that has reached the small intestine? a. Mucus b. Enzymes c. Bicarbonate d. Bile 25. Which nutrient passes through the large intestine mostly unabsorbed? a. Starch b. Vitamins c. Minerals d. Fibre 26. T cells are immune cells that ingest and destroy antigens in the process known as phagocytosis a. True b. False 27. Bile starts the process of protein digestion in the stomach a. True b. False 28. To digest food efÏciently, people should not combine certain foods, such as meat and fruit, at the same meal. a. True b. False 29. The gallbladder stores bile until it is needed to emulsify a. True b. False 30. Absorption of the majority of nutrients takes place across the mucus-coated lining of the stomach a. True b. False 31. The dietary monosaccharides include a. Sucrose glucose and lactose b. Fructose glucose galactose c. Galactose maltose glucose d. Glycogen starch and fibre 32. The poly saccharides that helps form the supporting structures of plants is a. Cellulose b. Maltose c. Glycogen d. Sucrose 33. Digestible carbohydrates are absorbed as ________ through the small intestine wall and are delivered to the liver, where there are converted to _________. a. Disaccharides; sucrose b. Glucose; glycogen c. Monosaccharides; glucose d. Galactose; cellulose 34. When blood glucose concentration rises, the pancreas secretes ______ and when blood glucose levels fall, the pancreas secretes _______. a. Glycogen; insulin b. Insulin; glucagon c. Glucagon; glycogen d. Insulin; fructose 35. When the body uses fat for fuel without the help of carbohydrate, this results in the production of: a. Ketone bodies b. Glucose c. Starch d. Galactose 36. Foods rich in fibre lower blood cholesterol a. True b. False 37. Type 1 diabetes is most often controlled by successful weight loss management a. True b. False 38. Around the world, most people are lactose intolerant a. True b. False 39. By law, enriched white bread must equal whole-grain bread in nutrient content a. True b. False 40. The fibre-rich portion of the wheat portion is the bran layer a. True b. False 41. Which of the following is not one of the ways fats are useful in foods? a. Fats contribute to the taste and smell of food b. Fat carry fat-soluble vitamins c. Fats provide a low-calorie source of energy compared to carbohydrates d. Fats provide essential fatty acids 42. Generally speaking, vegetables and fish oils are rich in which of these? a. Polyunsaturated fat b. Saturated fat c. Cholesterol d. Trans fatty acids 43. A benefit to health is seen when ______ in used in place of _______ in the diet a. Saturated fat; monosaturated fat b. Saturated fat; polysaturated fat c. Monounsaturated fat; saturated fat d. Polyunsaturated fat; cholesterol 44. Chylomicrons are a class of lipoproteins are produced in the a. Gall bladder b. Small intestinal cells c. Large intestinal cells d. Liver 45. The role of essential fatty acids include a. Form parts of the cell membrane b. Support infant growth and vision development c. Support immune function d. All of the above 46. LDL deliver triglycerides and cholesterol from the liber to the body’s tissues a. True b. False 47. Taking supplements of fish oil is recommended for those who do not like fish a. True b. False 48. Consuming large amounts of trans fatty acids lowers LDL cholesterol and this lowers the risk of heart disease and heart attack a. True b. False 49. When the fat replacer olestra is present in the digestive tract, it enhances the absorption of vitamin E a. True b. False 50. Fried fish from fast-food restaurants and frozen fried fish products are often low in omega-3 and high in trans and saturated fatty acids a. True b. False 51. The basic building blocks of protein are a. Glucose units b. Amino acids c. Side chains d. Saturated bonds 52. Protein digestion begins in the a. Mouth b. Stomach c. Small intestine d. Large intestine 53. To prevent wasting of dietary protein, which of the following conditions must be met? a. Dietary protein must be adequate in quantity b. Dietary protein must supply all essential amino acids in the proper amounts c. The diet must supply enough calories from carbohydrates and fats d. All of the above 54. For healthy adults, the DRI for protein has been set at a. 0. 8g per kg of body weight b. 2.2 pounds per kg of body weight c. 12-15% of total calories d. 100g per day 55. Which of the following statements is correct regarding protein and amino acid supplements? a. They help athletes build muscle even when energy intake is inadequate b. They help dieters lose weight quicker c. They can assist in relieving depression d. None of the above 56. Under certain circumstances, protein can be converted to glucose and so serve the energy needs of the brain a. True b. False 57. Too little protein in the diet can have severe consequences, but excess protein has not been proven to have adverse effects a. True b. False 58. Although protein-energy undernutrition (PEU) is prevalent in underdeveloped nations, it is not seen in developed countries a. True b. False 59. Partially completed proteins are not held for completion at a later time when the det may improve a. True b. False 60. An example of a person in positive nitrogen balance is a pregnant woman a. True b. False 61. Which of the following vitamins are classified as fat soluble? a. Vitamins B12 and D b. Vitamins A D E K c. Vitamins B6 E D C d. Vitamins B and C 62. Night blindness and xerophthalmia are the result of a deficiency of which vitamin a. Niacin b. Vitamin c c. Vitamin a d. Vitamin k 63. Which of the following foods is (are) rich in beta-carotene a. Sweet potatoes b. Pumpkin c. Spinach d. All of the above 64. A deficiency of niacin may result in which disease? a. Pellagra b. Beriberi c. Scurvy d. Rickets 65. Which of the following describes the fat-soluble vitamins a. Vitamins B and C b. Easily absorbed and secreted c. Stored extensively in tissues d. A and C 66. Which vitamin(s) is(are) present only in foods of animal origin a. The active form of vitamin A b. Vitamin B12 c. Riboflavin d. A and B 67. The theory that vitamin C prevents, or cures colds is well supported by research a. True b. False 68. Xerophthalmia results from advanced vitamin A deficiency of B vitamins and may increase the risk of heart disease a. True b. False 69. A high blood level of homocysteine is associated with a deficiency of B vitamins and may increase the risk of heart disease a. True b. False 70. Vitamin A supplements can help treat acne a. True b. False 71. Water balance is governed by the a. Liver b. Kidneys c. Brain d. B and C 72. Which two minerals are the major constituents of bone? a. Calcium and zinc b. Phosphorous and calcium c. Sodium and magnesium d. Magnesium and calcium 73. All of the following are correct concerning zinc except a. In high doses, it may reduce the HDL concentration in the blood b. In high doses, it may inhibit iron absorption from the digestive tract c. Fruit and vegetables are the best sources for zinc d. Deficiencies in children retard growth 74. A deficiency of which mineral is a leading cause of mental retardation worldwide? a. Iron b. Iodine c. Zinc d. Chromium 75. Which mineral supplement is a cause of fatal accidental poisonings of children under six years old. a. Iron b. Sodium c. Chloride d. Potassium 76. After about 40 years of age, bones begin to lose density a. True b. False 77. The best way to control salt intake is to cut down on processed and fast foods a. True b. False 78. The most abundant mineral in the body is iron a. True b. False 79. Dairy foods such as butter, cream, and cream cheese are good sources of calcium whereas vegetables such as broccoli are poor sources a. True b. False 80. All municipal water supplies in Canada are fluorinated a. True b. False 81. All of the following are health risks associated with excessive body fat except a. Respiratory problems b. Sleep apnea c. Gallbladder disease d. Low blood lipids 82. Which of the following statements about basal metabolic rate (BMR) is correct? a. The greater a person’s age, the higher the BMR b. The more thyroxine produced, the higher the BMR c. Fever lowers BMR d. Pregnant women have lower BMR 83. Body density (the measure of body weight compared with volume) is determined by which technique? a. Fat fold test b. Bioelectrical impedance c. Underwater weighing d. All of the above 84. The obesity theory stating that the body chooses to be at a specific desired weight is the a. Set-point theory b. Enzyme theory c. Fat cell number theory d. External cue theory 85. Which of the following explains the great initial weight loss with a high protein diet? a. Increased basal metabolic rate b. Increased thermic effect of protein c. Lost glycogen and water d. Urinary ketone loss 86. Which of the following is a possible physical consequence of fasting? a. Loss of lean body tissues b. Lasting weight loss c. Body cleansing d. All of the above 87. The thermic effect of food plays a major role in energy expenditure a. True b. False 88. The nervous system cannot use fat as fuel, only glucose a. True b. False 89. The BMI standard is an excellent tool for evaluating obesity in athletes and the elderly a. True b. False 90. A diet too low in carbohydrate bring about responses that are similar to fasting a. True b. False 91. Which of the following provides most of the energy the muscles use in the early minutes of activity a. Fat b. Protein c. Glycogen d. B and c 92. Which diet has been shown to increase an athlete’s endurance a. High fat diet b. Normal mixed diet c. High carbohydrate diet d. Diet has not been shown to have any effect 93. Which of the following stimulates synthesis of muscle cell protein a. Physical activity b. A high carb diet c. A high protein diet d. Amino acid supplementation 94. All of the following statements concerning beer are correct except a. Beer is poor in minerals b. Beer is poor in vitamins c. Beer causes fluid loses d. Beer gets most of its calories from carbohydrates 95. A person who exercises moderately for longer than 20 minutes begins to a. Use less glucose and more fat for fuel b. Use less fat and more protein for fuel c. Use less fat and more glucose for fuel d. Use less protein and more glucose for fuel 96. Weight training to improve muscle strength and endurance has no effect on maintaining bone mass a. True b. False 97. The average resting pulse rate for adults is around 70 beats per minute but the rate is higher in active people a. True b. False 98. An athlete should drink extra fluids in the last few days of training before an event to ensure proper hydration a. True b. False 99. Research does not support the idea that athletes need supplements of vitamins to enhance their performance a. True b. False Aerobically trained muscles burn fat more readily than untrained muscles True or False?