According to Avogadro's Law, at a constant temperature and pressure, the number of moles of gas and the volume that the gas occupies are directly proportional. We can express this relationship mathematically using the equation V1/n1 = V2/n2, where V represents volume and n represents the number of moles of gas. The kinetic molecular theory provides an explanation for this relationship. When we have a constant temperature, the average kinetic energy of the gas particles remains constant, resulting in a constant average speed for a given gas. Additionally, if the pressure is constant (which is caused by collisions of gas particles with the surface), we also have a constant rate of collisions between the gas particles and the walls of the container. Therefore, if we double the number of gas particles, we would need to double the volume in order to maintain a constant rate of collisions with the walls. Let's apply Avogadro's Law to a practice problem. The problem states: "A large beach ball has a volume of 4.6 liters when filled with 0.225 moles of air. If air leaks out so that the volume decreases to 3.6 liters, how many moles of gas escaped?" To solve this, we can start with the equation for Avogadro's Law and rearrange it to solve for n2. Substituting the given values into the equation, we assign 4.6 liters to volume one (V1), 0.225 moles to n1, and 3.6 liters to volume two (V2). Upon completing the calculation, we find that 0.176 moles of gas remained. However, this is not the final answer. In our system, n2 represents the gas that is still remaining in the beach ball, since V2 (3.6 liters) represents the volume of gas still present in the beach ball. To determine the moles of gas that escaped, we need to subtract the moles of gas remaining from the initial moles of gas. In this problem, we started with 0.225 moles of gas and ended up with 0.176 moles of gas remaining, resulting in 0.049 moles of gas escaping. It's important to carefully consider word problems to accurately interpret the physical meaning of our variables in the system.