Reading Questions 2018

Chapter 10 Reading Questions 2018 Name *See page numbers on some questions as online will help as well. we skip around the book a bit. Your notes and power point 1. Isotopes of elements differ in the ratio of neutrons to protons. This ratio is related to the S Kabl \ l ~ of the nucleus. Hj ' 2. What is the Golden Ratio of neutrons to protons in less massive elements? What is the ratio of neutrons to protons in heavier elements? l ss massive, Ul massive, 3 : * If X He., more x M,O a. , fc KJ » , Cu , 3. With regards to the forces holding a nucleus together, why does a nucleus become unstable ( radioactive) ? P. 309 . . , .. -VWe A n vc he us becomes wnsHrabl -e. overcovwe iVve repulsive clec-frtc. Ccm 4. Radioactivity is the process in which a (n) [ A energy. P. 292 r ( +orx e e p^o+ > ns . . flUffeug emits charged particles and 5. Create a graphic organizer for the three types of radiation discussed in the book. Be sure to include how each affects the nucleus (mass and atomic number). P. 293- 296 ALPHA BETA GAMMA ^ lW 5 K Oo 1 Arc c ' ^ CX t t tig . 4 mdss fc-ts vwcim -\ +3 - tf VL O O M + I O & ~9 & - ,p+ * dOi'Sf 'Vf vf 6. The most penetrating form of radiation are 0, C\ VYMmC\ radiation called electromagnetic waves, and tney carry f 7. As atoms decay, they are changed from one element to another through a process called transmutation. The following picture shows this process. Looking at the picture below, Uranium 238 decays (eventually) into Lead 206. Why does Lead 206 ( Pb 206) no longer decay? Remember, emitting alpha particles and beta particles changes the element but in different ways. - Pb- 3- ULp r^ ijS YVJCteVs . They are a form of . P. 296 o G * 238 U . 234 234 Pa 234 U 230 Th 226 272 Rn 218 214 214 BJ Th - - +^kie is S no Po a 0 PO a a a 254 Po 710 Pt> 210 0» 210 Showing how uranium ( U Po decays !o lead ( Pb ) and***points **oiven off. where helium f o ) is ) 1 rH , — -4dmu ' , —— C\ V it \ " f DASS 3> Y\° ± ' fc ^ P^ Radioactive Decay Practice **6< SQryi e ~ _ Complete the chart below. You may use your periodic table. Element New Element 241 237 Am Np 95 ^ + + -1 Tc Tc 43 m 170 + Alpha Decay a Beta Decay $ P rv\ mug Y U 75 - 2 199 Pt 78 235 u -> -> 92 231 Np 3 fVMnus 4 33 Vh 91 -> 211 He Pb 0 He + Y + 89 £3> 82 a 2 4 Ac Wt Alpha Decay + < 0 \ 227 Pa j 1 Beta Decay + 79 < pgQct ( 0 plg£, He + framnncJ A 0 4 Re 199 Greek Symbol And Label 0 43 -n -Ur # sc^ e. fAosrs \a 54 99 99 SatA-e- • 0 Xe 53 \# CK Equation Symbol 93 131 l >l P+ -$ 2 0 Pi \ pV\c* k A rc action FUSION sry1 ntdfi S \rv\ Q yADUh-f Qrf wirfss ( -f -cf8.JDescribe the relationship between massEand - energy. P. 310 E ^ mc - C • ( r < \ jasyi~ e -4 x WA > S < 5ur\ fvcrtv>eir 4 Htjdroyn Eoi^b i/VC d 9 f “ ^ 5 -fo ocruy ^ d^OSrV os 9 => \ \ 0 Audios ) , 00 XID 6 IW5J tfrp ^g of >7 . 2 Section 2 Half- Life, pg. 298-301 1. What is a half-life? Are all half -lives the same? What are the ranges of time your book gives you ? P. 299 u -p£, - arv> ouvM- oP Hwe ft for- / Vne TWJC \ 0 b. 2 half-lives 3.0 ^ c. 3 half-lives {.*5 cj 4. Uranium - 235 has a half -life of 700 million years. How much of the 12 g sample of Uranium - 235 will be left after : a. 700 million years (P » 0 b. 1400 million years 3.0 ^ 5. Carbon -14 is a radioactive element that decays into Nitrogen -14. The half -life of Carbon -14 is 5730 years. What percentage of Carbon -14 and Nitrogen -14 will be left in a dinosaur bone after: 5730 years: 11,460 years: 17,190 years: * 10O / -^ 5 4 Ar % of Nitrogen-14 16 / .*3 /. of Nitrogen-14 % of Carbon-14 - /. - \oo / % of Carbon -14 % of Carbon -14 ^P A ‘ + % of Nitrogen -14 ‘DO ( • ' L tp ' / / 3 - ^ 6. If the dinosaur bone in question 5 originally had 16 grams of Carbon 14 in it how much of each type of element should be left after: 4a. \ \ £e 5730 years: Grams of Carbon 14 Grams of Nitrogen-14 - ,460 years: Grams of Carbon -14 4- Qc jt 3\ti ivv^rsi7 i90 years: Grams of Carbon-14 ( Grams of Nitrogen -14 ^ ^ Ooj * Grams of Nitrogen -14 I *4.0 ^ 7. More dinosaur bones are found and examined. If they contain the following percentages of Carbon -14 and Nitrogen -14 how old are each of the bones? Bone #1: 50% Carbon -14 and 50% Nitrogen-14 - Bone # 2: 25% Carbon-14 and 75% Nitrogen 14 5 P 3> Q years old U 4ti O years old . ^Ovears old / 7 Bone #3: 12.5 % Carbon-14 and 87.5% Nitrogen -14 11 l 8. Scientists have recently discovered a new type of radioactive element. They have measured its half life and know it takes 10,000 years to decay. Use their data in the table below to plot a line on the graph c below. X Number of Half Lives A % of Unstable Atom Remaining o 100 50 25 12.5 6.25 3.125 1 2 3 4 5 £ -5 TO £ 5D Ifo 0 2 4o I u lO < i O 3 4 - \ wes - 9. A fossil bone has 25% of this new radioactive element remaining. How many half lives have passed? 3 Vz - 10. If the half life of this new element is 10,000 years, how old is the fossil bone in question 9? 3LO , QDO yrs 4