Skeletal System Study Guide

Skeletal System 1. What is another name for spongy bone? Answer: cancellous 2. What is the microscopic unit of compact bone? Answer: osteon or Haversian system 3. What is the name of a mature bone cell? Answer: osteocyte 4. What is the name of an immature bone cell? Answer: osteoblast 5. What is the name of the shaft of a long bone? Answer: diaphysis 6. What is the name of the enlarged end of a long bone? Answer: epiphysis 7. What is another name for the growth plate, a band of cartilage located between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a long bone? Answer: epiphyseal disc 8. What is the name of the hollow, marrow-filled cavity of a long bone? Answer: medullary cavity 9. What is the name of the tough fibrous connective tissue membrane that covers the outside of the diaphysis? Answer: periosteum 10. What is the name of the cartilage that covers the epiphysis of a long bone? Answer: articular 11. What is the name of the process whereby osseous tissue replaces cartilage? Answer: ossification 12. What is the name of the cell that causes bone erosion? Answer: osteoclast 13. What is the bone structure that makes blood cells? Answer: bone marrow 14. What is the osteoclastic breakdown of bone matrix called? Answer: bone resorption 15. What is the bony structure that encases the brain? Answer: cranium 16. What is the name of the bones that form the upper sides and top of the cranium? Answer: parietal 17. What is the bone that forms the forehead? Answer: frontal 18. What type of joint is found between the bones of the cranium? Answer: suture 19. What cranial bone contains the external auditory meatus, zygomatic process, styloid process, and mastoid process? Answer: temporal 20. What is the name of the bone that is located at the back and base of the cranium? Answer: occipital 21. What is the name of the large hole in the occipital lobe? Answer: foramen magnum 22. What is the butterfly-shaped bone that forms part of the floor and lower sides of the cranium? Answer: sphenoid 23. What part of the sphenoid bone houses the pituitary gland? Answer: se rcica 24. What ir larly shaped cranial bone is located between the eye orbits and helps form the bony struct f the nasal cavity? Answer: eth d 25. What is name of the lower jaw bone? Answer: m ble 26. What is name of the upper jaw bone? Answer: m a 27. What ja one is part of the TMJ? Answer: m ble 28. What ar e bones that form the posterior portion of the hard palate and the floor of the nasal cavity? Answer: pa e bones 29. What is name of the cheek bone? Answer: zy atic 30. What is term that refers to the areas (anterior and posterior) in the infant skull that have not yet been nverted to bone? Answer: fo el 31. What is medical term for “water on the brain”? Answer: hy ephalus 32. What is ther name for the backbone? Answer: ve al column 33. What is name of the vertebrae labeled C1 to C7? Answer: ce al vertebrae 34. What is name of the large bump that you feel as you run your hand over C7? Answer: ve a prominens 35. What is name of the vertebrae labeled T1 to T12? Answer: th c vertebrae 36. What is name of the vertebrae labeled L1 to L5? Answer: lu vertebrae 37. What is name of five fused vertebrae distal to L5? Answer: sa 38. What is name of the beak-like tailbone? Answer: co 39. What is name of C1? Answer: atl 40. What is name of C2? Answer: ax 41. What v ra has the odontoid process (“den,” a tooth-like process that allows for rotation? Answer: ax 42. What ce al vertebra allows you to express “no” by head motion? Answer: ax 43. What cervical vertebra allows you to nod your head indicating “yes”? Answer: atlas 44. What sits on the body of the vertebra and acts as a shock absorber? Answer: intervertebral disc 45. What structure sits within the vertebral foramen? Answer: spinal cord 46. What is the bone that has three parts: the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process? Answer: sternum 47. What bones are classified as true, false, and floating? Answer: ribs 48. What is the name of the depression on the superior end of the manubrium? Answer: suprasternal notch 49. What structure is formed by two clavicles and two scapulae? Answer: pectoral girdle 50. What is the name of the collarbone? Answer: clavicle 51. What is the name of the wingbone? Answer: scapula 52. What bone contains the acromion process and the coracoid process? Answer: scapula 53. What depression in the scapula receives the head of the humerus? Answer: glenohumeral 54. What is the name of the upper arm bone? Answer: humerus 55. What process forms the pointy part of the elbow? Answer: olecranon process 56. What bone contains the olecranon fossa? Answer: humerus 57. What forearm bone contains the olecranon process? Answer: ulna 58. What bone is located on the thumb side of the forearm? Answer: radius 59. What wrist bones are located distal to the radius and ulna? Answer: carpals 60. What bones form the palm of the hand? Answer: metacarpals 61. What is the name of the digits: the fingers and toes? Answer: phalanges 62. What bones form the pelvic girdle? Answe xal bones 63. What structure is formed by the pelvic girdle, sacrum, and coccyx? Answer: pelvis 64. What is the largest and most superior part of the coxal bone? Answer: ilium 65. What depression is formed by the union of the ilium, ischium, and pubis? Answer: acetabulum 66. What is the name of the large hole in the coxal bone? Answer: obturator foramen 67. What is the name of the anterior articulation of the two coxal bones? Answer: symphysis pubis 68. What is the name of the bone upon which you sit? Answer: ischial tuberosity 69. What is the other name for the thumb? Answer: pollex 70. What part of the coxal bone is a common site for a bone marrow biopsy? Answer: iliac crest 71. What is the thigh bone? Answer: femur 72. What is the name of the large protuberance on the proximal femur? Answer: greater trochanter 73. What is the name of the kneecap? Answer: patella 74. What weight-bearing leg bone articulates with the distal femur? Answer: tibia 75. What nonweight-bearing bone is located parallel to the tibia? Answer: fibula 76. What is the name of the process at the distal fibula? Answer: lateral malleolus 77. What is the name of the process at the distal tibia? Answer: medial malleolus 78. What is another name for the great toe? Answer: hallux 79. With what tarsal bone does the tibia articulate? Answer: talus 80. What is the name of the heelbone? Answer: calcaneus 81. What bones form the inset of the foot? Answer: metatarsals 82. What is another name for a joint? Answer: articulation 83. What classification includes the talus and the calcaneus? Answer: tarsals 84. What is the name of the membrane that lines the joint capsule in a freely movable joint? Answer: synovial 85. What is another name for the knee joint? Answer: tibiofemoral joint 86. What is another name for the shoulder joint? Answer: glenohumeral joint 87. What is another name for the elbow joint? Answer: humeroulnar joint 88. What is the term that describes the bending of the foot toward the anterior leg? Answer: dorsiflexion 89. What is the term for a tip-toe stance? Answer: plantar flexion 90. What movement is described when you turn your hand so that the palm faces the sky? Answer: supination 91. What movement is described when you turn your hand so that its palm faces the ground? Answer: pronation 92. What movement is described when you move your lower extremity away from the midline of the body? Answer: abduction 93. What movement is described when you move your lower extremity toward the midline of the body? Answer: adduction