Gluconeogenesis Evaluations 3

Glyoxysome Mitoo.hc.mdri.oo C)'toeoJ ·oO('-C-Cll,,-C.:000xatoacci.ute NAOB + !I+ mal11.1.t• 7 l1J'h'(1g~1'la,w N,\D+ OH -ooc-cu-cH,-coo M·l llat~ 7 ~~ H coo- -◊OC-C=C 11 Fu.m.ar a te • PADH2 rcuu,111 ? bydroR('UB!le !'All 7 ..OOC-CH2_-(,.:t1,-c.:oo- - -- - -- - nor- r1i,- l 'H,-cooSucclna, e Sueclnate + 1 u-c-cooGlyox~yl..c ? rnnl111A: ce,-o- sCoA )T11.hn11r ~oetyl..CoA ti!! -ooc-cn-cH2-coo- 0 -ooc~ r -cu,-coo-Oxnlo.aeetate o.o.01o......,.:.,__ ,. (b) Nonreducing end • • • ! • • • • • • • • •._ • • I • • ~ • Branch • point From C.ild4r. P.C, Im, J, s«xtiam. 23, 1339 (1~1}, (;Qpy1ight Eliavior St.:iCilnc-e, U&td ',l,l 1h pe.1mi$$ion ~ •1ighl 19QQ John Wl!oy nnd $¢n$. Inc All ri..: tils res.Nod Reducing end Glycogen Storage • Glycogen is a D-glucose polymer • a(14) linkages • a(16) linked branches every 8-14 residues (a) H CHi)H 0 H a( 1 -► 6) linkage 0 H OH H OH Reducing end 0 I CMz 0 H OH 0 H H Lo 0 H 01-1 H t OH Branch point From Cak:h;u, P.C.. fnt. J, 8 ~. 23. 1339 {19~11). Copyright Else,Vier Sci9nce, Uad w11h permissicn. Ccpyrighl 1999 JQhn \Vil.-y Md Sons, lno. All right;. 19:;erv~. H 0 J-1 cx(1-4) linkage CHzOH ( 0l H H OH H I I 1-1 0 1-1 OH Glycogen Breakdown or Glycogenolysis • Three steps – Glycogen phosphorylase Glycogen + Pi <-> glycogen + G1P (n residues) (n-1 residues) – Glycogen debranching – Phosphofructomutase I Glycogen Phosphorylase ll I / 0 p 'oBH+ I E 0 'p/ r:f 'o- + Glycogen . --y l 1d I Nonreducing e: , - I ! O-H 4) linkage Glvcogen . 0 IJO ~ ~ ~ CH OH (11 glu cos yl units) 2 ~ 110 ...,...-0~ 6 ~ ( H 0- /0/~ 'p HO~ OHOi ~CH20It , MO OH - - .. o~ 'o) H I 0~ /0 0 pt( /P, -:::> 0 J 2 E WffvyandSons, lno, All righ•• ,.,..,ed CoPyrigh1 1999 John Requires Pyridoxal-5’-phosphate PLP I I Glycogen Debranching Enzyme a◊O L;mtt bra""' Hoa 0 , 06 }J,K)-lJl:5l:Ji5l Oute r g lyco (a ft e r Jlho s h _g e n c hains · P or .vh' .s e ac tion • ) glycogen clebranch' tIenzyme • ,ng U/ fto/'-o o / ro" 7--0" 7--0, 7-0, 7-0\ 07-~ \ \ available for hydrolysis r\_ K)-lJo"-Jo"--1'o"--1'a"----1'o"----1'LJ.' • j;,__1 \ available Jor Iurther ph C<>pyrisht , 999 J•" . osphorolysis ...., ,n Wiley Wld Son;. in.,;, A!I righls roe,ved 0 I I I Phosphofructomutase I E nzfrrie I Ser ICl-1 II 2 0 -P-O -2 H OH H Ser Ser 1 I ICl-12-0-P-O II 0 /" I o- 0 I En zyrr1e I I 0 03POCH2 H I E nzrme l - 203POCH2 H H I o0 01-1 H 2 I-IOCH 2 0 H H GI ucose-6ph os phate Glucose-1,6bisphosphate Glucose- 1ph os phate (G6P) (Gl,6P) (GIP) H Glycogen Syntheisis cogen l br cUl Chiug enzy1n d<-branching <'nzyrnP UDP glycogPn p I. I gl 1coge11 pl 10:sphor y l UDP- gluco pp.I • ·rJP- gluco e pyropho. phorylr1s ~ plmsphoglurnrm ira.s '1l I I G6P ~ i11orga11ic pyropt 10 phat c !--L.) ~ CQP','righl 1ggg John WII y .inrl 'fl t has In: All ngll.. rot;tlV rl I UTP 1 2P·I UDP-glucose Pyrophorylase 0 I HN I I -o _I -0 O H H HO CH 20H O HO~O~ 1--f~ HO H OH UTP 0 II OH O- P - O- GIP 1 o- inorganic pyrophosphatase PP, CH,OH O HO~O~ 1-1~ HO H 0 0 II II 2 HI~ ~ - -) O N OH 0 - P- 0 - P- OHzC ~ I o- I_ H 0 H H H HO UDP-glu cose P; O OH Glycogen Synthase 1J 0 HO CH,)H O ~ O O 111 II ON O-P - O-P-OH2C~ 6- 6- I(: l Oxon ium io n inter medi a te H HO H UDP-g l ucose H OH f - UDP OH CH2OH O ~ CH2OH HO~ O Glycogen ( n res idues) o"-._.· H~ 110 OH o ~ O " - . _ . 1-1~ ~O'-._ ~ H+ H~ -- · ~0"-._. J-1~ Gl ycoge n (11 + 1 residue s) CH20H O ~ HO Cc,pyrighl lQQI) John 'Wiley and Sons. ll'IQ, AUtigt,($ 1e,;erv&d, - OHO- ...