APUSH Unit 4 Test Review Guide

APUSH Unit 4 Test Review Guide Your Unit 3 Test will consist of: ● 25 MCQs ● 1 SAQ (two choices, you pick 1) ● 1 partial LEQ*** (craft thesis, outline supporting evidence) Key concepts to review (these will appear on the MCQs, SAQs, and LEQ): Andrew Jackson Federalists Mexican-American Slave Labor Whigs Cause: Born west of the Cause: Led by Alexander War Cause: Cause: Allegheny Mountains, Hamilton and John Cause: Dispute over representing the interests of Adams. Texas annexation (the on agriculture, - the common man. - to Andrew Jackson’s separation of territory) particularly cotton and border claims. plantations, in the land for white government, a Outcome: resulted in Southern United strong federal settlement by forcing national bank, and the Treaty of States. government, internal Native Americans to loose interpretation Guadalupe Hidalgo, Legal and social improvements, and move west of the of the Constitution. and expanding U.S. systems that protective tariffs. Opposed by the territory westward. supported and Opposed the Bank of dissolution. Wanted to keep taxes low and reduce federal government involvement. Did not support Henry Clay’s plans, leading to political conflicts Effect: Implemented the spoils system, rewarding - Democratic-Republ icans led by Thomas Jefferson. Effect: Influenced the creation of the U.S. financial system, including the Bank of the United States. Their policies laid the groundwork for future federalist principles in American governance. - Their opposition to political supporters with Jefferson’s policies government jobs. led to significant - Formed in opposition strong central leading to its - ● Advocated for a the United States, - Economic reliance Promised to acquire Mississippi River. - ● Promoted the idea of political strife Jacksonian during the early democracy, Republic era. ● maintained Effect: slavery. - Resulted in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which led to the U.S. acquiring vast territories including present-day California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico. the newly acquired territories.It had lasting impacts on both nations’ economies and political landscapes. Advocated for a Effect: ● Influenced the development of Effect: modern American - Contributed to the economic prosperity of political parties. ● Their opposition to the South but also Jackson’s policies led entrenched racial to significant political inequalities. conflicts. ● - The war intensified debates over slavery in policies. ● Led to significant moral and ethical debates, culminating in the Civil War. The party eventually dissolved due to internal divisions over the issue of slavery. - emphasizing greater - The abolitionist democracy for the movement gained common man. momentum, leading to His policies led to eventual legal and social significant political changes. and social changes, including the forced relocation of Native Americans (Trail of Tears). - His actions contributed to the rise of the Whig Party as an opposition to his policies. Charles Finney Growth of U.S. Missouri Compromise Spoils System Andrew Jackson Cause: Prominent preacher Denominations Cause: Cause: Presidency*** during the Second Great Cause: Awakening. - Andrew Jackson’s Promised to acquire land for balance of implementation of white settlement by forcing Awakening, which power between the spoils system. Indians to move to the responsibility and emphasized slave and free Rewarding Mississippi River. Also moral reform. personal salvation states. political promised to undermine the Admission of supporters with bank of the U.S. He wanted government jobs. to keep taxes low, and have ● and emotional - It Led revivals that religious Missouri as a contributed to the experiences. slave state and Increased Maine as a free ● - Effect: - state. the federal government less Led to widespread involved. Jackson didn’t like corruption and Henry Clay’s plan. religious immigration and denominations. westward Influenced social expansion leading reform movements, to diverse religious resolved the including temperance populations. conflict over rise of the Whig of white America slavery in new Party, which without meaning to.. territories. opposed Maintained the Jackson’s policies. significantly changed Effect: - and women’s rights. - - Second Great growth of new - Debate over the Emphasized personal Effect: - - His teachings emphasized the idea that individuals could influence their own salvation, encouraging active participation in religious and social life. Effect: - Led to the formation of new religious denominations and increased church membership. - inefficiency in Temporarily balance of - government. - - Contributed to the Born west of the Allegheny. - - Was for the interest Jackson also Highlighted issues the spread for the power in the of patronage and nation of art, Senate meritocracy in churches, and between slave public and free states. administration. schools. - Jackson believed in “spoil systems,” - - Contributed to the Highlighted the which rewarded religious pluralism - deep divisions political party and diversity in the over slavery candidates with a United States. that would Influenced social eventually lead and moral reforms to the Civil War. government spot. - He opposed the bank of the us, which led to inspired by the dissolution of it. religious fervor. - He wanted lower taxes and wanted to reduce federal involvement. - His opposition to Henry Clay created political tension. Cherokee Indians Impressment Monroe Doctrine Textile Mills (Samuel Cause: The indian removal Cause: British practice of Cause: U.S. opposition Slater) act of 1830. The effect is that it forcing American Sailors to European Cause: created the forced the recolation of into the British Navy. The colonialism in the introduction of textile Cherokee people from their effect is that it contributed Americas. Effect: the manufacturing ancestral lands in the to tensions between the establishment of a techniques from Britain. southeastern United States to United States and Britain policy of opposing The effect is that it territories west of the Missippi which lead to the War of European invention in increased the growth of River, also known as the trail 1812. They created treaties the Western American textile mills and of tears. however they never truly Hemisphere, asserting contributed to the Market had peace between the U.S. influence in the Revolution ( industrial two nations, region. Revolution ) in the U.S. Cotton gin (Eli Whitney) Indian Removal Act Panic of 1819 Thomas Jefferson Cause: Invention of a They were granting the Cause: Speculative Cause: His presidency machine that quickly President (Jackson) the lending practices and and policies. separated cotton fibers from right to move the Indians economic instability. Effect: Louisiana seeds. to the Mississippi in order Effect: First major Purchase (1803), which Effect: Revolutionized cotton to exchange for their financial crisis in the doubled the size of the processing, leading to the Indian lands within the United States, leading United States, and expansion of cotton state's borders. This to widespread bank support for the Lewis and plantations and the included mass killing of failures, Clark Expedition. entrenchment of slavery in Indians, violence, and NOT unemployment, and the South. a peaceful protest. economic hardship. Cotton’s impact on southern “Kitchen Cabinet” Panic of 1837 economy Trade between the U.S. and Britain Cause: Development of the Cause: Informal group of Cause: Speculative Cause: Post-War of 1812 cotton gin and expansion of advisors to President lending practices, bank economic relations and cotton plantations. Andrew Jackson. failures, and economic treaties. Effect: Made cotton the Effect: Influenced instability. Effect: Growth of trade dominant cash crop in the Jackson’s policies and Effect: Severe and commerce between South, leading to economic decisions, often bypassing economic depression, the two nations, growth but also the official Cabinet members. high unemployment, influencing their and widespread economic policies. entrenchment of slavery. poverty. Democratic-Republican Party Louisiana Purchase Revolution of 1800 Trail of Tears Cause: Opposition to the Cause: Opportunity to Cause: Election of Cause: Implementation Federalist Party’s policies. acquire vast territories Thomas Jefferson as of the Indian Removal Act. Effect: Emergence of a from France. President. Effect: Forced relocation political party advocating for Effect: Doubled the size of Effect: Peaceful of Native Americans, states’ rights and limited the United States, transfer of power resulting in thousands of federal government, providing land for between political deaths and significant influencing early American expansion and settlement. parties, establishing a suffering. politics. precedent for democratic governance. Enslaved Persons Manifest Destiny Second Bank of the U.S. Veto Cause: Economic demand for Cause: Belief in the Cause: Need for a Cause: Presidential power labor in the South. inevitability and centralized banking to reject legislation. Effect: Entrenchment of righteousness of American system. Effect: Used by Andrew slavery as a central institution expansion. Effect: Establishment Jackson to challenge in American society, Effect: Justification for of a national bank to congressional authority, contributing to social and territorial acquisitions and stabilize the economy exemplified by his veto of economic inequalities. westward expansion, and regulate currency. the Second Bank War of 1812 influencing U.S. policy and settlement. Erie Canal McCulloch v. Maryland Second Great Cause: Need for improved (1819) Awakening transportation and trade ● Background: The ● ● Background: Time Period: Tensions between routes. state of Maryland The Second the United States Effect: Construction of a imposed a tax on Great and Great Britain canal connecting the Great all banks operating Awakening were high due to Lakes to the Hudson River, within its borders occurred from British restrictions boosting commerce and that were not the late 18th on U.S. trade and settlement. chartered by the century through the impressment