1. The U.S. Constitution contains a preamble, 7 articles, and 27 amendments TRUE The U.S. Constitution contains a preamble, 7 articles, and 27 amendments. The structure of the U.S. Constitution creates a system wherein each branch of the federal government exercises its own respective powers but cannot go beyond its constitutional authority. 2. A corporation may be searched by a governmental agency at any time and for any reason. FALSE Generally speaking, a search or seizure conducted by the government is illegal without a warrant from a judge or magistrate. To obtain a warrant, the government must first demonstrate probable cause to a judge or a magistrate that the proposed search or seizure is justified under the law. 3. The system of checks and balances created by the U.S. Constitution ensures that the executive branch of the federal government is always dominant over the judicial and legislative branches. FALSE The enumerated powers of the U.S. Constitution are part of an overall scheme to resolve conflict among the three branches of government and ensures that no one branch exceeds its constitutional authority. These “checks and balances” separate the power of the federal government between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches and prevents one branch from dominating the others. 4. Congress may only tax those activities or property that it is otherwise authorized to directly regulate under its enumerated regulatory powers. FALSE Congress has a far-reaching power to tax the citizenry and to spend the federal government’s money in any way that promotes the common defense and general welfare. The power to tax is an independent source of federal authority. That is, Congress may tax activities or property that it might not be authorized to directly regulate under its enumerated regulatory powers. 5. Political spending by corporations is a form of protected speech under the First Amendment. TRUE

Legal Foundations Answer Key

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