Cultural Aproach to Understanding Child Development

A Cultural Approach to understanding Child Development From the day we are born, all of us Cxperience our lives as members of Culture, or sometimes more than one •This experience influences how we develo So understanding what it means when we say Child developement or When we refers to culture is important Child developement is the ways individuals grow and change until adulthood Cadulthood in the us meaning legal age of 18). ☆Culture is the total pattern of a group's customs, beliefs, art, and technology Population Growth and change • The number of Children per family is low • The total number of children is higher than it has ever been be cause: ☆Better access to medical Care and nutrition. ☆Medical advances in the 20th Century (Eradication decreased in diseases like small pox, typhus, diptheria and cholera) • Global Demographic Divide Total fertility rate (TFR) → in a population the number of births per Woman ☆Worldwide = 2.5 A 2050 estimate is that the TFR will decrease to 2.1 ( the replacement rate for stable Population) Developed Countries world's most economically developed. Countries ☆1.3 billion, 20% of total World population Developing countries Countries that have lower levels of income but are experiencing rapid growth 6.3 billion, 80% of total world Population • Proportion Children in developing and develop- Countries differs Markedly • Among developed countries, the us is one of the few likely to gain rather than lose population in the next few decades A Nearly all developed countries. are expected to remain Stable in terms of Populations growth. Some Countries, such as Germany and Taiwan, experience a are projected to decline in population.. • Two reasons the US follows a differ demographic Path: A Total fertility rate is higher than. most developed countries (currently 1.8. ☆ United state allows more Legal immigration than most developed Countries, and also has has millions of undocumented immigrants. Variations Across Countries. • Income and Education Differences A 40% of World's population lives on less than $ 2 per day 80% of World's Population lives on sfamily income of less than $6,000 per year. in developed countries, 50% go o to tertiary education. A in developing countries, about 20% of Children don't complete Primary School. • There are some broad cultural difference between developed and developing Countries. Developed countries tend to be based on individualistic Values Individualism Cultural values Such as indepence and self expression. • Developing countries tend to prize Collectivistic values. Collectivism Cultural Values such as obedience and group harmony. They Would most likely Walve getting alongre with their family individualistic Cultures These are not mutually exclusive. Categories, and each countries has some balance. Traditional Cultural rural culture that adheres more Closely to historical traditions than urban People. Variations within countries. • Most Countries today have a majority Culture and may have many minority Cultures, Majority Culture Cultural group that Sets the norms. and standards and hold. most of the positions of Political, economic, intellectud and media power. Minority Culture group Whose Member's Share Charactertics such as ethnicity, religion, language. or •Three other important aspects of Variation that will be highlighted. is Socioeconomic status, gender, and ethncity, Socioeconomic Status (SES) Social Class including educational level, income level and occupational Status. A Children's SES is based on their Parents' level A infants Mortality, height" weight lanugage, and communicate! Styles are all highly impacted by SES. Gender Expectations of maleand female roles. * in every Culture, gender plays a Critical role in development of a throughout Frthe thourse on ent they are born. Civilizations have different expectations for boys and females Cultural differences range widely in terms of severity. in most developed Countries, the differences are relatively burred.. Ethnicity Cultural Origin and tradition I race, religion, and language Ethnicity is a crucial Part of Child development. Ethnic Minorities within. Countries have distinict Cultural Patterns that are different from those of the ethnic majority Evolutionary Psychology Examines how patterns of human functioning and behavior have resulted from adaptons. to evolutionary conditions. •Little biological Change Since Home Sapiens, but drastic thanges how we lives. • Development of larger brain Contribes. to Culture and environmental expansion. ☆ Larger brain enabled humans. to innovate, learn Survival skills, and pass them on to Children. Humans Create cultures, not natural Selection, influence on their lives. A focus on younger children →G. Stanley Hall and the child study movement Child Study Movement+D 20th Century Forganized effort for Scientific reseal on child and adolesa development to help improve families, Scho Workplace conditions. The Psychology of childhood (1899) by Frede Evolutionary Psychology Examines how patterns of human functioning and behavior have resulted from adaptons. to evolutionary conditions. •Little biological Change Since Home Sapiens, but drastic thanges how we lives. • Development of larger brain Contribes. to Culture and environmental expansion. ☆ Larger brain enabled humans. to innovate, learn Survival skills, and pass them on to Children. Humans Create cultures, not natural Selection, influence on their lives. A focus on younger children →G. Stanley Hall and the child study movement Child Study Movement+D 20th Century Forganized effort for Scientific reseal on child and adolesa development to help improve families, Scho Workplace conditions. The Psychology of childhood (1899) by Frede The Five steps of Scientific Method. Identify a Research Question. May begin With Previous research or theory, or research's own experience • Propose a Hypothesis. A hypothesis is one possible answer main research. question. Choose a Research Measurement and Desigh Research measurements. include questionnaries and interview research designs. may invalve one or many. point in time •Collect Data The Sample should repressMonte Well the population of interest • Draw Conclusions. Data are analyzed and Published, leading to new hypothesis and development of theory. Scanned with CamScanner Ethics in child development Insititutional review boards (IRB) works to prevent ethical violations.. Protection from physical and Psychological harm. The most important Consideration. in psychological research is that the persons participating in the research will not be harmed by it. Informed consent Participants in any Scientific Study are. Supposed to be presented with a Consent form before they participate. Confidentially → the state of keeping OR being Kept or private Deception and debriefing RBS require deception-free Study debriefing Participants Research Measurement •Electroencephalogram (EEG) Measures the electrial activity of the cerebral cortex Experimental groups. receives treatment. A control group recieves. no treatment in an experiment, there are independent Variables. and dependent variables. Independent variable Different for the experimental group than control group. Dependent variable outcome that is measured to calculate results of the experimen Interventions → programs intended to change the attitudes or behavior of the Participate. • Natural experiment A situation that exists, naturally and that provides interesting Scientific information • Ethnography Scanned with CamScanner Learn how people behave in their daily lives. • Case Study The detailed examination. of a particyar per Persver' group or situation. •Correlational Study Data Collected on naturally Occurring variables. Cross-sectional A Examines the relation between age and other variables. • Longitudes * Monitors change over time. Contributing knowledge Nomothetic aimed at providing runiversal Predictions, and explanations of Child development. Idiographic aimed at Providing Knowledge of individ Jal often involves the use of Case Studies. Sociocultural aimed at Providing Knowledge of Particular Cultural and social group Focus on What is distinctive about the psychology of a particular culture or social group.