Amelia Rose Smith 231233678 CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY Concept Of Information Systems : Systems Analysis and Design 1. What is the significance of thoroughly analyzing current systems before developing new ones? For a variety of reasons, it is essential to do a comprehensive analysis of the current systems before developing new ones. a) grasp the current structure can assist one in gaining a complete grasp of how the system works as well as its benefits and drawbacks. To address the inadequacies of the present system, this information may be used to create a new one. b) Problem identification: The analytical procedure may be used to discover inefficiencies, errors, and inconsistencies in the present system. It is crucial to be aware of these worries in order that the new system can effectively address them. c) Determining the business requirements that the newly deployed system must meet: Analysis helps with this step. This requires identifying the needs of numerous stakeholders and ensuring that the new system effectively meets their needs. d) Reducing implementation costs: By looking at existing systems, organizations may be able to reuse current technology or components, which decreases implementation costs. e) Improving user satisfaction: By doing analysis, organizations may identify areas where user engagement could be improved. User satisfaction may be raised by making certain that a new system is developed to effectively meet user demands. Overall, doing a thorough analysis of existing systems is crucial to ensure that modern technologies are developed to meet the particular requirements of the business, are cost-effective, and result in greater customer happiness. 2. How do the various techniques or tools used in systems analysis and design contribute to the process? A range of tools and approaches are used in systems analysis and design. Here are several examples: a) Data flow diagrams (DFDs) are diagrams that display a system's operations, inputs, and outputs. They assist in comprehending a system's overall design by making the data flow across it easier to perceive. b) Entity-Relationship Diagrams (ERDs): ERDs are also used to show how the various system entities are connected by data. They assist in identifying the traits and relationships between different system components. c) Utilization case diagrams: From the user's perspective, use case diagrams are used to illustrate system requirements. They help to identify the various user situations and system interactions. d) Agile development techniques: Software systems are developed collaboratively and iteratively using Agile development techniques. They include breaking down the building process into easier-to-manage smaller sections, enabling developers to respond to changes more quickly. e) The major objectives of the structured analysis and designing methods (SADT), a diagramming approach, are complex system analysis and design. It provides a clear foundation for disassembling a structure into its constituent elements. These methods and tools help the design and evaluation of systems by giving the process a structured framework. They enable analysts to break down complex systems into simpler, easier-to-manage components and identify potential problems or inefficiencies. They also assist in establishing requirements and ensuring that the new system meets those requirements. 3. When creating a new system, how do you identify and rank the business requirements? Identification and prioritization of business needs must be taken into serious account while designing a new system. Following are some steps to take: a) Interview stakeholders to determine their needs. Identify the system's users, or stakeholders. Asking open-ended questions will nudge kids toward expressing their needs and wants. b) Examine the system documentation already in place, including user guides, instructional guides, and technical materials, to understand how the system works and identify any gaps. c) Draw a schematic of an application case: Make a diagram of use cases to identify the many ways users will interact with the technology. The functional needs of the system will be simpler to ascertain as a result. d) The needs should be prioritized using the MoSCoW method (Must have, Would have, Might have, Will not have).This method makes it easy to distinguish between requirements that are required and those that are optional. e) Each criterion's financial impact should be considered. Prioritize needs that will have a substantial impact on the organization's overarching goals and objectives. f) Confirm requirements with key players: Verify with the stakeholders that the prioritized criteria satisfy their needs and expectations. g) Make a requirements traceability matrix: Make a matrix of requirements traceability for keeping track of how each need links to the system's functioning. This framework will make it easier to ensure that the process for designing and creating systems meets all criteria. 4. What are the main obstacles to deploying new systems that businesses frequently encounter, and how may they be overcome? Introducing new practices may be challenging for businesses. Here are some urgent problems and their solutions: a) Refusal to adapt, which can be sparked by anxiety about being inadequate or a sense of losing control, is one of the biggest barriers. By which includes stakeholders in the design of the structure and providing them with the assistance and training they need to adapt to the new system, organizations may address this issue. b) Inadequate resources: A new system's implementation can be time- and resource-consuming, requiring significant contributions from both. This problem may be resolved by organizations by developing a detailed project plan that identifies the required resources and ensures their availability throughout the implementation phase. c) Integration with existing systems: It may be challenging to integrate new systems with existing systems if they weren't designed to accommodate new technologies. Organizations may handle this by carefully examining their present systems to identify any possible integration issues and developing a plan to address them. d) Privacy and data security concerns: When sensitive data is incorporated into new systems, privacy and security concerns may arise. By implementing the necessary security measures, such as encryption and access controls, and ensuring the system complies with any applicable data privacy regulations, organizations may address this issue. A new system's success depends heavily on user adoption and happiness.By include users in the system design process and providing them with assistance and training to ensure they can make effective use of the system, organizations may address this issue. They may also gather user feedback and use it to improve the system. 5. How does the bigger picture of technological innovation and business strategy relate to systems analysis and design? Systems analysis and design (SAD) is crucial in the context of corporate strategy and information technology (IT).This is how: a) SAD, which aids businesses in this attempt, makes it feasible for IT systems to be aligned with business objectives.SAD examines current systems, identifies problems, and creates new systems that match business needs to ensure that IT investments support the organization's tactical goals. b) Improving business processes: SAD can improve business procedures by identifying inefficiencies and potential growth areas.SAD may help businesses run more effectively and profitably by creating innovative technologies which automate or streamline these processes. c) Promoting innovation: SAD may promote innovation by identifying novel methods for IT to support organizational goals.By creating novel systems that utilize cutting-edge technology or provide novel capabilities, d) Risk reduction: SAD may help firms reduce risk by identifying potential issues and developing dependable, secure, and legal processes. By carefully analyzing the present systems, SAD can create new ones that address possible security holes or compliance issues. e) Support for decision-making: SAD can assist in decision-making by providing timely and reliable information to decision-makers. SAD can help businesses create decision-supporting systems that effectively gather, assess, and share data. SAD is crucial for assisting firms in using IT to promote their strategic goals and function more efficiently. SAD may help businesses become more competitive in their industry by fusing IT with corporate goals.