Chapter 2.2 Newton's Second Law: Force, Acceleration, and Mass Describe Newton's second law using the terms force, acceleration, and mass. Relates the net force on an object, the mass of the object, and the acceleration. The applied force is proportional to the acceleration. Draw a diagram showing the relationship between force and acceleration and the relationship between mass and acceleration. Increasing 1 Force ↑ ↑ increases acceleration Increasing Mass ↑ ↓ decreases acceleration Describe the direct and inverse relationships between force, acceleration, and mass. Acceleration is directly proportional to net force. Acceleration is inversely proportional to mass. What are the guidelines for Newton's second law? Acceleration is not zero - always involves acceleration. Changes in speed or direction Same direction as net force (Fnet) At rest: 0 net force Constant speed: 0 net force How do you calculate the net force? Same direction (add) Opposite direction (subtract) Write the formula for Newton's second law. F = ma (force = mass x acceleration) m = F/a (mass = force / acceleration) a = F/m (acceleration = force / mass) Describe why we use Newton's second law. Connects force directly to its effect on matter and motion. A car has a mass of 1,000 kg. If a net force of 2,000 N is exerted on the car, what is its acceleration? a = F/m a = 2000 N / 1000 kg a = 2 m/s² 9. What is the acceleration of a 1500-kilogram car if a net force of 1,000 N is exerted on it? a = F/m a = 1000 N / 1500 kg a = 0.67 m/sec² 10. As you coast down the hill on your bicycle, you accelerate at 0.5 m/sec². If the total mass of your body and the bicycle is 80 kg, with what force is gravity pulling you down the hill? F = ma F = 80 kg * 0.5 m/sec² F = 40 N 11. You push a grocery car with a force of 30 N and it accelerates at 2 m/sec². What is its mass? m = F/a m = 30 N / 2 m/sec² m = 15 kg 12. An 8,000 kg helicopter's speed increases from 0 m/sec to 25 m/sec in 5 seconds. Calculate its acceleration and the net force acting on it. (2 steps) a = (v₂ - v₁) / t a = 5 m/sec² F = ma F = 8000 kg * 5 m/sec² F = 40,000 N 13. Describe the energy through a rubber band and how it is related to force. Force is the action through which energy moves. Rubber band has energy because it is stretched. That energy is transferred to the car.

Newtons 2nd Law Notes and Practice Sheet

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