Weathering, Erosion, Soils Questions + Answers

Quiz Question + Answers Weathering, Erosion, Soils 1. What is erosion? – movement of weathered material from its source site 2. Under which conditions does pressure release occur? – where there is uplift and erosion 3. What 2 factors speed up rates of chemical reaction and weathering in rocks and soils? – warm temperatures; very moist Sedimentary Rocks 4. What are the 2 types of weathering processes? – chemical and physical 5. What are the 2 kinds of sediments? – detrital and chemical 6. What are the properties used to describe detrital sediment? – size and rounding 7. In a marine environment, the largest settlements are found? – just offshore because the largest settlements come from the continents 8. Graded bedding forms when? – turbidity currents deposit first coarse sediment then fine sediment 9. Hydrocarbons are formed largely from what – microorganisms like algae Metamorphism 10.What are the 3 main agents of metamorphism? – heat, pressure, fluid activity 11.What is a major source of heat for contact metamorphism? – heat from nearby magma body 12.In which setting would regional metamorphism be most likely? – at great depths in the crust where two continents are colliding 13.When minerals in a metamorphic rock are arranged in a parallel manner this means that the rock was exposed to? – pressure perpendicular and parallel to the mineral alignment 14.What may the intensity of regional metamorphism be recognized by? – index minerals 15.Blueschist facies indicates? – evidence of an ancient subduction zone Earthquakes 16.On – at great depths in the crust where 2 continents 17.According to the elastic rebound theory? – rocks bend before they break 18.Which one of the following statements concerning foci and epicenters is correct? – the epicenter is at the surface directly above the focus where the earthquake initiates 19.Deep focus earthquakes commonly occur at? – subduction zones 20.What are the two types of body waves? – primary and secondary 21.Which waves have the highest velocity? – primary waves 22.What does the magnitude of an earthquake measure? – the energy released 23.Which of the following foundation materials is most stable during earthquakes? – bedrock 24.What are seismic gaps? – unusually quiet zones along known active faults 25.Which seismic waves have the highest velocity? – primary waves 26.On average how thick is the continental crust? – 35 km 27.What is the name of the seismic discontinuity that forms the boundary between the crust and mantle? – moho 28.What is the composition of the mantle? – peridotite 29.Which of the following fact is good evidence for liquid outer core? – s-waves do not pass through liquid and create the s-wave shadow zones 30.The p wave shadow zone is largely the result of? – refraction of p waves crossing the mantle-outer core boundary 31.Which of the following are probably major components of the inner core? – crystalline iron and nickel Deformation 32.If you are standing on ice above a pond and you hear a crack, what should you do? – lie down on the ice to distribute your weight more broadly on the ice 33.Sedimentary rocks that are tilted were deposited: - horizontally and then were tilted into their current orientation 34.In reverse fault: - the hanging wall goes up relative to the footwall 35.Pretend that you are standing with one foot on either side of a strike slip fault and the right block moves toward you. This can be called a(n) _____ strike slip? – right lateral 36.Where is the thickest crust found? – beneath mountains Additional Questions 37.The type of strain which occurs depends not only on the kind of stress applied, but also on what? – the duration of stress 38.Dip-slip faults include? – normal and reverse faults 39.The san andreas fault is a ____ fault? – strike slip 40.Movement along the San Andreas is – right lateral