Lecture 1: Theoretical Basis of Mental Health & Illness

mental health notes Lecture 1: 1/15 Theoretical Basis of Mental Health & Illness Theory in Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing Mental Illness Theory → more complete and eiectvPe care /n the pautx ueen au pouueuuvonfePvlx owten wor thoue ogtuvde uocvetal normu suychvatrvc ngruvnb theorveu → gnderutand clvent ,ehaPvorux needux and tI /w uomeone kau not deemed wgnctvonal vn kor1 → ueparated wrom uocvety vn auylgm Theory bgvdeu practvce /dea ow mental health orvbvnated wrom 90((u mvlvtary competence )TrgmanD → SMC Mvbnv.cant dyuwgnctvon vn mental wgnctvonvnb rft dePelopmentalx ,volobvcalx and phyuvolobvcal dvutgr,anceu Stigma: Implications for Healthcare Svuorderu kvth a de.na,le dvabnouvu satventu kho are utvbmatv"ed eIpervenceQ -gltgrally de.ned )eI2 SMC vu keutern6,auedD /nternalv"ed weelvnbu ow korthleuuneuu and uhame ;orue health ogtcomeu wor ,oth phyuvcal and mental health meaugreu soorer qoj Stigmatized Language zedgced hope seruon6Rvrut janbgabe zeplacementu Centally vll → seruon lvPvnb kvth a mental health challenbe )or gue dvabnouvu vw the peruon preweru that lanbgabex eI2 maEor depreuuvPe orderD zedgced uelw6euteem /ncreaued MfM uePervty -ra"yfvnuanefdvutgr,ed → seruon lvPvnb kvth a mental health challenbeftragma Secreaued medvcatvon adherence Canvc6depreuuvPe → seruon lvPvnb kvth ,vpolar dvuorder srePentvon Sepreuuedfuchv"ophrenvc → seruon lvPvnb kvth depreuuvon uchv"ophrenva FPovd la,elu5 gue peruon6.rut lanbgabe FddvctfEgn1vefdrgbbve → seruon lvPvnb kvth a ug,utance gue challenbefdvuorder eI2 vnutead ow Wthat pt vu uchv"ophrenvcxW gue Wthvu pt hau uchv"ophrenvaW Flcoholvc → seruon lvPvnb kvth an alcohol gue challenbefdvuorder Treat people kvth eNgvty vn acceuu and care :I6addvctfclean → seruon vn recoPery FPovd weelvnbu ow wear to treat otheru kvth 1vndneuu and reupect janbgabe that Reedu Mtereotypeu Ca1e an actvPe eiort to ma1e otheru weel vnclgded and Palged Cental vllneuu → Cental health challenbefcrvuvu :dgcate oneuelw on mental health to ma1e vt ueem leuu gngugalfucary Srgbfalcohol a,gue → Mg,utance gue challenbe Cvndwglneuu ow lanbgabe )eI2 Wcra"yW ma1eu a peruon weel leuu hgmanD -ommvtted ugvcvde → Sved ,yflout to ugvcvde W-ommvtW owten gued to deucrv,e crvme or uvn Ravled ugvcvde → attempted ugvcvde Mental Disorder Epidemiology %A2%4 ow Fmervcan adgltu )9 vn LD are eutvmated to haPe a dvabnoua,le mental vllneuu anngally Diasthesis-Stress Model C- vu anIvety sredvupouvtvon to dvuorder correupondvnb to amognt ow utreuu sredvupouvnb wactoruQ enetvcux natgre Pu2 ngrtgrex MSKGux chvldhood )eI2 tragmaD reater wocgu on prePentvon Causes and Treatment of Mental Illness Oot a chovce5 pathophyuvoloby ow the ,ravn and other ,ody uyutemu Diagnosis of Mental Illnesses F dyuwgnctvon vn copvnb Svabnoutvc and Mtatvutvcal Cangal ow Cental Svuorderux Uth :dvtvon TeIt jac1 ow reuogrceufacceuu to ugpport mental health zePvuvon )SMC6U TzD eI2 Telehealthfvnternetx vnugrance coPerabex s-s acceuux upecvalv"ed care gnvtu Cedvcal bgvdelvneu ow the Fmervcan suychvatrvc Fuuocvatvon )FsFD Fll dvabnoueu reNgvre that there vu an vdentv.a,le vmpavrment dge to MfM /w pt utvll hau bood lePel ow wgnctvonvnb → not wglly dvabnoua,le Patients' Rights Under the Law Soeu not alkayu repreuent the mout cgrrent cgltgral utandardu or thoue ow cgltgral ug,brogpu dge to Fmervcan ,auvu zvbht to treatment zvbht to vnwormed conuent zvbht to rewgue treatment Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory zvbhtu ugrrogndvnb vnPolgntary commvtmentx puychvatrvc adPance dvrectvPeu jePelu ow akareneuuQ -onucvogux preconucvogux gnconucvogu zvbhtu rebardvnb reutravnt and ueclguvon /ce,erb peruonalvty5 peruonalvty utrgctgreQ jeaut reutrvctvPe meanu pouuv,le /dQ zvbht to con.dentvalvtyx eIcept vwQ sleaugre prvncvple Sgty to karn and protect thvrd partveu ze'eI actvon -hvld and elder a,guefneblect reportvnb utatgteu )cobnvtvPe a,vlvtyftarbetuD srvmary proceuu Threat ow harm to uelw or otheru :boQ sro,lem6uolPer zealvty6teuter MgpereboQ Coral component *nconucvogu thogbht to come ogt vn dreamu suychoueIgal theory )kvth remoPal ow ueIgalvtyD accepted vn wocgu on chvldhood and early relatvon to wamvlyfpeeru Anna Freud & Defense Mechanisms Freudian Theory Application to Nursing Kperate on gnconucvogu lePelx eIcept ugppreuuvon Rormatvon ow peruonalvty Senvalx waluv.catvonx or dvutortvon ow realvty to ma1e vt leuu threatenvnb -onucvogu and gnconucvogu vn'genceu wor ogr emotvonu and ,ehaPvoru :Iampleu ow dewenue mechanvumu ,y a pt dI kvth cancerQ /mportance ow vndvPvdgal tal1 ueuuvonu Suppression: /Hm Egut not bovnb to thvn1 a,ogt vt rvbht nok5 / need to wocgu on kor12 suychoanalyuvu )tal1 therapyD Repression: / donHt ePen remem,er the doctor uayvnb the kord Wcancer2W FttentvPe lvutenvnbQ Therapegtvc commgnvcatvon wogndatvon Denial: /tHu not happenvnbx vtHu not real2 TranuwerenceQ satvent hau remvnvucent weelvnbu tokard ngrue Regression: / need my mom2 -ogntertranuwerenceQ Ogrue hau remvnvucent weelvnbu tokard patvent5 may aiect caref,ogndarveu Displacement: Fnbry kvth the neku2 Bpgncheu kallB Projection: /Hm not ucaredx yogHre ucared2 Intellectualization: /Hm not ucared ,ecague / gnderutand thvu cancer hau )Ix yx "D charactervutvcux and /Hm bovnb to do a ton ow reuearch on treatmentu and ogtcomeu2 Rationalization: /tHu meant to ,ex /Hm ugppoued to learn uomethvnb wrom thvu2 Sublimation: /Hm uo anbry2 Bboeu wor a rgnB Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Development Theory F more pouvtvPex leuu ueIgally6wocgued approach than Rregd :vbht utabeu ow puychouocval dePelopment seruonalvty contvngeu to dePelop throgbhogt the lvweupan Application of Erikson's Theory to Nursing Vnokledbe rebardvnb wormatvon ow peruonalvty SePelopmental model vu an vmportant part ow the ngruvnb auueuument zewer to Parvogu abeu dvierently accordvnb to dePelopment /nwancyx early chvldhoodx preuchoolx uchool6abex adoleucencex yognb adglthoodx mvddle adglthoodx matgrvty Kwten vmportant vn pedvatrvcu )do not tal1 to a chvld au an adgltD Gelpu ngrueu determvne khat vnterPentvonu are mout eiectvPefapproprvate Sullivan's Interpersonal Theory SePeloped kvth Rregdvan theoretvcal wogndatvonu sgrpoue ow all ,ehaPvor thogbht to ,e bettvnb needu met Behavioral Theories: Conditioning Fuugmptvonu and 1ey conceptuQ saPloPQ -lauuvcal -ondvtvonvnb Classical conditioning: Mg,conucvogu learnvnbfauuocvatvon proceuu Fgtomatvc condvtvoned reuponue pavred kvth a upecv.cx negtral utvmglgu FnIvety auvc anIvety /nterperuonal uecgrvty Tko utvmglv are repeatedly pavred F reuponue khvch vu at .rut elvcvted ,y the uecond utvmglgu vu ePentgally elvcvted ,y the .rut utvmglgu alone MelectvPe vnattentvon Fpplveu to dealvnb kvth other vndvPvdgalu5 theory gued vn many therapveu ;atuonQ ehaPvorvum 2R2 M1vnnerQ Kperant -ondvtvonvnb Reinforcement: Fvm to vncreaue tendency that a boal ,ehaPvor kvll occgr Hildegard Peplau's Theory of Interpersonal Relationships in Nursing Meemu to kor1 ,etter than pgnvuhment vn chanbvnb lonb6term ,ehaPvor /n'genced ,y MgllvPanHu kor15 thogbh to ,e the wognder ow puych ngruvnb souvtvPeQ Momethvnb vu added to vncreaue tendency wor boal ,ehaPvor to occgr abavn Frt ow ngruvnbQ OebatvPeQ Momethvnb vu ,evnb ta1en akay to vncreaue tendency wor boal ,ehaPvor to occgr abavn Punishment: Fvm to decreaue the tendency that a ,ehaPvor kvll occgr abavn souvtvPeQ Momethvnb vu added to decreaue the tendency that gnuawe ,ehaPvor kvll occgr abavn sroPvde carex compauuvonx and adPocacy :nhance comwort and kell6,evnb Mcvence ow ngruvnbQ Fpplvcatvon ow 1nokledbe to222 *nderutand a ,road ranbe ow hgman pro,lemu and puychouocval phenomena /nterPene vn relvePvnb patventuH ugiervnb and promote brokth OebatvPeQ Momethvnb vu ,evnb ta1en akay to decreaue the tendency that gnuawe ,ehaPvor kvll occgr abavn ehaPvoral modv.catvonQ TI approach that replaceu gndeuvra,le ,ehaPvoru kvth more deuvra,le oneu ,y guvnb prvncvpleu ow operant condvtvonvnb Aaron Beck: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Fgtomatvc thogbhtu - T wocgueu on vdentvwyvnbx teutvnbx and chanbvnb theue dvu6 tortvonu Cognitive Distortions Ralue .lteru that do not repreuent realvty Kne ow the prvmary therapveu gued today Polarized thinking: vekvnb the korld vn eItremeu Overgeneralization: Fpplveu a uvnble ogtcome to otheru Catastrophizing: :Iabberatvon ow mvnor vnconPenvenceu5 upvralvnb Flmout ePery therapvut gueu uome aupectu ow - T Melw6-are Personalization: elvePvnb yog are reuponuv,le wor thvnbu yog are not Mental Jltering: Rocguvnb on the nebatvPe and not the pouvtvPe Discounting the positive: /bnorvnb or dvumvuuvnb pouvtvPe ePentu Humanistic Theories zecobnv"e yogr okn agtomatvc thogbhtu and ,elvewu Gok they contrv,gte to yogr actvonu and emotvonu5 thogbhtu donHt eNgal trgth "umping to conclusions: Ca1vnb a decvuvon kvthogt all wactu EShouldE statements: *nrealvutvc demandu ow uelw Lmotional reasoning: Meevnb emotvonu au o,EectvPe trgth ehaPvor Codv.catvon abeling: Fuuvbnvnb a .Ied term to uomeonefuomethvnb Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Beck's Theory in Relation to Nursing Gelp patventu vdentvwy gnderlyvnb dvutortvonu ow thogbht that contrv,gte to poor health promotvon ,ehaPvoru Maslow in Nursing Melw6actgalv"atvon vu the WboalW srvorvtv"atvon ow care Kwten not achvePed ,y people Cavntavn the ,auvcu to wacvlv6 tate brokth suychvatrvc vuugeu ,ecome more apparent au phyuvcal vuugeu reuolPe Frankl's Logos (Man's Search for Meaning) aued on three phvlouophvcal and puycholobvcal conceptu Rreedom ow ;vll Rreedom to decvde and capa,vlvty ow ta1vnb oneHu utance tokardu vnternal )puy6 cholobvcalD and eIternal ),volobvcal and uocvalD condvtvonu ;vll to Ceanvnb The uearch wor meanvnb vu ueen au the prvmary motvPatvon ow hgmanu to achvePe boalu and pgrpoueu Ceanvnb vn jvwe To ,rvnb worth the pouuv,le ,eut vn oneuelw and the korld y percevPvnb and realv"vnb the meanvnb ow the moment vn each uvtgatvon