Borders of Belonging & National Security

University:
University of Wyoming
Course:
HIST 5400 | Migration, Mobility & Borders
Academic year:

2023
Views:

446

Pages:

2
Author:

Allison B.

Borders of Belonging & National Security ● When did immigration policies and citizenship become so tied to national security? ● Why does this discourse on national security change? Is it because racism/eugenics/economy/etc was no longer working to convince Americans that immigrants were bad? Looking at the changes in terms of public perception/state-imposed discussions on migrants How laws change to perceptions/threats to the US homeland Background of WWI ● Dillingham Commission report ● Emergency Quota Act of 1921 ● The Immigration Act of 1924 (The Johnson-Reed Act) ● Congress also created the U.S. Border Patrol WWII / Depression ● In 1933, an Executive Order merged the Bureau of Immigration and the Bureau of Naturalization into the Immigration and Naturalization Services (INS) ● 1940, Congress passed the Alien Registration Act ● Japanese American Detention Camps ● Displaced Persons Act of 1948 ● Refugee Relief Act of 1953 ● Despite Truman’s veto, Congress passed the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 80s/90s & the 9/11 Leadup ● 1980 Select Commission on Immigration and Refugee Policy ● Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA), passed in 1986 -- Al Simpson ● Congress passed the Immigration Act of 1990 ● Congress passed the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act and the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act in 1996. ○ These bills increased the penalties for illegal entry, created mandatory detention for many classes of noncitizens, and expedited deportation procedures for certain cases. The bills also limited judicial review of certain types of deportations and allowed secret evidence in removal proceedings for noncitizens accused of terrorist activity ● USA Patriot Act shortly after the 9/11 attacks ○ Reduced the rights of immigrants by expanding deportation powers to suspected terrorists and allowed the attorney general to detain aliens without charge or recourse to due process ● Congress passed the Homeland Security Act, which consolidated 22 federal departments and agencies into the new Department of Homeland Security ● Bush’s Term → Enhanced Border Security and Visa Entry Reform Act of 2002 and the Secure Fence Act of 2006, and renewed the USA Patriot Act ○ Enhanced Border Security Act of 2002 authorized the hiring of additional INS investigators and inspectors and expanded screening procedures for admission, as well as mechanisms for tracking deportable aliens within the United States.