Inheritance Gizmo Answer Key

Name: Kason Brown Date: 10-02-2022 Student Exploration: Inheritance Directions: Follow the instructions to go through the simulation. Respond to the questions and prompts in the orange boxes. Vocabulary: acquired trait, asexual reproduction, clone, codominant traits, dominant trait, offspring, recessive trait, sexual reproduction, trait Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) 1. How are you similar to your parents? We share the same genes as them How are you different? I don't have exactly the same DNA as them. 2. A trait is a characteristic. Think about your physical traits (eye color, skin tone, height, hair, face, allergies, etc.) What traits do you think you inherited, or received, from your parents? height, hair color, eye color Gizmo Warm-up In the Inheritance Gizmo you can create and breed aliens on an imaginary planet. Select Asexual reproduction. During asexual reproduction, a single parent produces offspring (children). 1. Click Create alien and create your own alien. Describe its traits in the Parent row of the table: Alien Body type Skin Color Antenna shape Tattoo Parent medium green straight none Offspring medium green straight none 2. Drag the parent over to the Parent 1 space and press Reproduce. Fill in the Offspring traits on the table above. What traits appear to be inherited from the parent? Children received their parents' DNA. Because this offspring inherits its traits from one parent, it is called a clone. Activity A: Inherited traits Get the Gizmo ready: ● Select Sexual reproduction. ● Drop all remaining aliens (if any) in the Exit hole. Question: Are all parental traits inherited by offspring? 1. Observe: In sexual reproduction, two parents pass traits to the offspring. Create and breed a variety of aliens. Record your observations below. The offspring will resemble the parents if they share some traits. If characters are different, kids will blend and favor various traits. 2. Form a hypothesis: Which traits do you think are passed down from alien parents to their offspring, and which traits are not? Explain. Color of skin and shape of antennas 3. Experiment: Set the Food supply to 2 bushes. Create two identical parents with thick bodies, green skin, curly antennas, and triangle tattoos. Make two offspring and record their traits in the table below. Offspring Offspring 1 Body type thin Skin Color green Antenna shape curly Tattoo none Offspring 2 thin green curly none 4. Analyze: Compare the offspring traits to the parent traits. A. Which traits were passed from parents to offspring? antennas, skin, and curly B. Which traits were not passed down? body type and tatto Traits that are not passed down (not inherited) are called acquired traits. 5. Investigate further: Create offspring with a few different levels of Food supply. How does food supply affect the body type of offspring? less food they are more thin and more food they are fater 6. Think and discuss: Suppose a human child had a mother with dyed-pink hair and a father who was missing a finger (lost in an accident). Would the child inherit these traits? Explain. They won't because these weren't passed down to the parents when they were born. Activity B: Skin color Get the Gizmo ready: ● Clear all parents and offspring from the Gizmo by dropping them into the Exit hole. ● Create a green alien and a pink alien. Question: How is alien skin color inherited? 1. Predict: What do you think the offspring of a green alien and pink alien will look like? green with pink spots 2. Experiment: Test your prediction with the Gizmo. What did you find? it had pink dots and was green. When offspring show a mixture of parent traits, the traits are called codominant traits. 3. Predict: What do you think will happen when you breed two green-and-pink spotted aliens? recessive because there won't be just one color 4. Experiment: Follow the steps below. (You may have already done the first step or two.) ● ● ● ● Place a green alien and a pink alien in the locations for Parent 1 and Parent 2. Breed these parents twice. Drag both offspring to the spaces below the Nest. Drag the two green-and-pink offspring up to become the new Parent 1 and Parent 2. Breed these aliens 10 times. Record how many times each skin color occurred in their offspring. (For example, if there were 2 green offspring, write “2” below “green.”) Skin color Green Green and pink Pink Number of offspring 4 4 2 5. Analyze: Look at the results of your experiment. A. What kind of skin did most of the offspring have? green/pink B. Did all of the offspring have green and pink skin? none 6. Think and discuss: For a codominant trait, do the offspring of identical parents always look like the parents? Explain your answer. the parent with straight antenna is dominant because the offspring received straight antennas. Activity C: Antenna shape Get the Gizmo ready: ● Clear all aliens by dropping them into the Exit hole. ● Create two aliens – one with straight antenna and one with curly antenna. Question: How is alien antenna shape inherited? 1. Predict: What do you think will happen when you breed an alien with straight antenna to an alien with curly antenna? they'll be in straight 2. Experiment: Test your prediction using the Gizmo. Create at least 5 offspring. What did you notice? because their children inherited it, dominating parents with straight antennae 3. Analyze: Sometimes when two traits are combined, one is a dominant trait and the other is a recessive trait. If both traits are present, only the dominant trait is seen in the offspring. A. Which trait is dominant, straight antenna or curly? B. Which trait is recessive? straight curly 4. Investigate further: Take two of the straight-antenna offspring and breed them together to produce 10 new offspring. Record the antenna type of each offspring. A. What happened? all the offspring came out with straight B. Did the recessive trait disappear? C. How can a trait skip a generation? no generations can be skipped, but they will just be carriers. 5. Draw conclusions: For a dominant/recessive trait, do the offspring of identical parents always look like the parents? Explain. because the recessive gene may hide, skip a generation, and eventually reapear, they may not always appear alike. 6. Compare: How do the offspring of two parents that reproduce sexually differ from the offspring of a single parent that reproduces asexually? compared to asexual children, those with two parents have distinct features, and they are exact copies of their parents.