Data Analyitics - Database Design

Study Guide Chapter 1- 4 1. Data and information are essentially the same thing. a. True b. False 2. Data processing can be as simple as organizing data to reveal patterns. a. True b. False 3. Metadata describe the data characteristics and the set of relationships that links the data found within the database. a. True b. False 4. The only way to access the data in a database is through the DBMS. a. True b. False 5. Database programming languages receive all application requests and translate them into the complex operations required to fulfill those requests. a. True b. False 6. A data warehouse can store data derived from many sources. a. True b. False 7. Structure is based on the type of processing to be performed on the data. a. True b. False 8. Structural dependence exists when it is possible to make changes in the file structure without affecting the application program’s ability to access the data. a. True b. False 9. Data anomaly is defined as the condition in which all of the data in the database are consistent with the real-world events and conditions. a. True b. False 10. _____ is the result of revealing the meaning of raw facts. a. End-user data b. An encoded sample c. An encrypted bit d. Information 11. End-user data is _____. a. knowledge about the end users b. raw facts of interest to the end user c. information about a specific d. accurate, relevant and timely subject information 12. _____ serve as the intermediary between the user and the database. a. DBMSs b. Metadata c. End-user data d. Programming languages 13. The database structure in a DBMS is stored as a _____. a. single file b. collection of files c. set of key/value pairs d. collection of queries 14. _____ exists when different versions of the same data appear in different places. a. Data inconsistency b. Poor data security c. Structural d. Conceptual dependence dependence 15. A(n) _____ database is used by an organization and supports many users across many departments. a. desktop b. workgroup c. enterprise d. transactiona l 16. A(n) _____ database supports a relatively small number of users (usually fewer than 50) or a specific department within an organization. a. desktop b. workgroup c. enterprise d. transactiona l 17. _____ data exist in the format in which they were collected. a. Structured b. Semistructured c. Unstructure d. Historical d 18. An XML database supports the storage and management of _____ XML data. a. structured b. multistructured c. fullystructured d. semistructured 19. A _____ is a logically connected set of one or more fields that describes a person, place, or thing. a. database b. column c. record d. file 20. A _____ is a collection of related records. a. schema b. field c. column d. file 21. Which of the following refers to the situation where different versions of the same data are stored at different places because they weren’t updated consistently? a. Data query b. Data integrity c. Data dictionary d. Data redundancy 22. Data is said to be verifiable if: a. the data always yields consistent results. b. the data cannot be changed or manipulated. c. the data is obtained from trusted d. the data is stored in different places within the database. sources. 23. _____ is defined as the condition in which all of the data in the database are consistent with the real-world events and conditions. a. Data integrity b. Data anomaly c. Data ubiquity d. Data quality 24. A(n) _____ is a collection of programs that manages the database structure and controls access to the data stored in the database. ANSWER: DBMS (database management system) database management system (DBMS) database management system DBMS 25. _____ is a special language used to represent and manipulate data elements in a textual format. ANSWER: XML (Extensible Markup Language) Extensible Markup Language (XML) Extensible Markup Language XML 26. The DBMS uses the _____ to look up the required data component structures and relationships, thus relieving programmers from having to code such complex relationships in each program. ANSWER: data dictionary 27. A database that is created and maintained using services such as Microsoft Azure or Amazon AWS is called a(n) _____ database. ANSWER: cloud CHAPTER 2 28. A data model is usually graphical. a. True b. False 29. An implementation-ready data model should contain a description of the data structure that will store the end-user data. a. True b. False 30. Even when a good database blueprint is available, an applications programmer’s view of the data should match that of the manager and the end user. a. True b. False 31. In the context of data models, an entity is a person, place, thing, or event about which data will be collected and stored. a. True b. False 32. Business rules apply to businesses and government groups, but not to other types of organizations such as religious groups or research laboratories. a. True b. False 33. In an SQL-based relational database, each table is dependent on every other table. a. True b. False 34. Each row in the relational table is known as an entity instance or entity occurrence in the ER model. a. True b. False 35. Today, most relational database products can be classified as object/relational. a. True b. False 36. The hierarchical model is software-independent. a. True b. False 37. A(n) _____’s main function is to help one understand the complexities of the real-world environment. a. node b. entity c. model d. database 38. A(n) _____ is anything about which data are to be collected and stored. a. attribute b. entity c. relationship d. constraint 39. A(n) _____ is the equivalent of a field in a file system. a. attribute b. entity c. relationship d. constraint 40. A(n) _____ is a restriction placed on the data. a. attribute b. entity c. relationship d. constraint 41. Students and classes have a _____ relationship. a. one-to-one b. one-to-many c. many-to-one d. many-to-many 42. A noun in a business rule translates to a(n) _____ in the data model. a. entity b. attribute c. relationship d. constraint 43. A verb associating two nouns in a business rule translates to a(n) _____ in the data model. a. entity b. attribute c. relationship d. constraint 44. MySQL is an example of the _____. a. hierarchical model b. file system data model c. relational data model d. XML data model 45. A(n) _____ enables a database administrator to describe schema components. a. extensible markup language (XML) b. data definition language (DDL) c. unified modeling language (UML) d. query language 46. The _____ model was developed to allow designers to use a graphical tool to examine structures rather than describing them with text. a. hierarchical b. network c. object-oriented d. entity relationship 47. The _____ data model uses the concept of inheritance. a. relational b. network c. object-oriented d. entity relationship 48. A(n) _____ is the conceptual organization of an entire database as viewed by a database administrator. ANSWER: schema 49. The relational model’s foundation is a mathematical concept known as a(n) _____. ANSWER: relatio n 50. Each row in a relation is called a(n) _____. ANSWER: tuple 58. Each column in a relation represents a(n) _____. ANSWER: attribute 59. Each row in the relational table is known as a(n) _____. ANSWER: entity instance CHAPTER 3 60. The practical significance of taking the logical view of a database is that it serves as a reminder of the simple file concept of data storage. a. True b. False 61. The order of the rows and columns is important to the DBMS. a. True b. False 62. Character data can contain any character or symbol intended for mathematical manipulation. a. True b. False 63. Each table in a relational database must have a primary key. a. True b. False 64. Only a single attribute, not multiple attributes, can define functional dependence. a. True b. False 65. RDBMSs enforce integrity rules automatically. a. True b. False 66. The DIFFERENCE operator subtracts one table from the other. a. True b. False 67. A data dictionary is sometimes described as “the database designer’s database” because it records the design decisions about tables and their structures. a. True b. False 68. In the relational model, _____ are important because they are used to ensure that each row in a table is uniquely identifiable. a. relations b. keys c. indexes d. logical structures 69. A _____ is any key that uniquely identifies each row. a. superkey b. special key c. foreign d. candidate key key 70. A _____ key is defined as a key that is used strictly for data retrieval purposes. a. lookup b. foreign c. candidate d. secondary 71. To be considered minimally relational, the DBMS must support the key relational operators _____, PROJECT, and JOIN. a. INTERSECT b. UNION c. DIFFERENCE d. SELECT 72. In a database context, the word _____ indicates the use of the same attribute name to label different attributes. a. redundanc b. homonym y c. duplicate d. synonym 73. To avoid nulls, some designers use special codes, known as _____, to indicate the absence of some value. ANSWER: flags 74. A(n) _____ links tables on the basis of an equality condition that compares specified columns of each table. ANSWER: equijoin 75. The proper use of _____ keys is crucial to controlling data redundancy. ANSWER: foreign CHAPTER 4 76. The entity relationship model (ERM) is dependent on the database type. a. True b. False 77. An entity in the entity relationship model corresponds to a table in the relational environment. a. True b. False 78. In the Chen and Crow’s Foot notations, an entity is represented with a rectangle containing the entity’s name. a. True b. False 79. A composite identifier is a primary key composed of more than one attribute. a. True b. False 80. In Chen notation, there is no way to represent cardinality. a. True b. False 81. A weak entity has a primary key that is partially or totally derived from the parent entity in the relationship. a. True b. False 82. The existence of a mandatory relationship indicates that the minimum cardinality is 0 or 1 for the mandatory entity. a. True b. False 83. To implement a small database, a database designer must know the "1" and the "M" sides of each relationship and whether the relationships are mandatory or optional. a. True b. False 84. The entity relationship diagram (ERD) represents the _____ database as viewed by the end user. a. condensed b. physical c. logical d. conceptual 85. A(n) _____ is the set of possible values for a given attribute. a. domain b. range c. identifier d. key 86. A _____ attribute can be further subdivided to yield additional attributes. a. composite b. simple c. single-valued d. multivalue d 87. The conceptual model can handle _____ relationships and multivalued attributes. a. 1:1 b. M:N c. 1:M d. 1:N 88. A relationship is an association between _____. a. objects b. entities c. database d. fields s 89. _____ expresses the minimum and maximum number of entity occurrences associated with one occurrence of the related entity. a. Connectivit b. Relationship y c. Dependence d. Cardinality 90. Knowing the minimum and maximum number of _____ occurrences is very helpful at the application software level. a. object b. attribute c. data d. entity 91. If an entity can exist apart from all of its related entities, then it is existence-independent, and it is referred to as a(n) _____ entity. a. weak b. alone c. unary d. stron g 92. A _____ relationship exists when an association is maintained within a single entity. a. unary b. ternar y c. stron d. weak g 93. A _____ relationship exists when three entities are associated. a. unary b. strong c. ternar d. weak y 94. When using the Crow's Foot notation, the associative entity is indicated by _____ relationship lines between the parents and the associative entity. a. dotted b. double c. triple d. solid 95. The first step in building an entity-relationship diagram (ERD) is _____. a. developing the initial ERD b. creating a detailed narrative of the organization’s description of operations c. identifying the attributes and primary keys that adequately describe the entities d. identifying the business rules based on the description of operations 96. In organizations that generate large number of transactions, _____ are often a top priority in database design. a. relationships among b. logical design standards entities c. naming conventions d. high processing speeds 97. Database design is a(n) _____ process based on repetition. a. sequentia b. iterative l c. linear d. intermittent 98. A person’s Social Security number would be an example of a(n) _____ attribute. ANSWER: single-valued 99. A(n) _____ relationship is also known as an identifying relationship. ANSWER: stron g 100. Identifying the attributes of entities helps in the better understanding of _____ among entities. ANSWER: relationships 101. _____ not only helps database designers to stay on track during the design process, it also enables them to pick up the design thread when the time comes to modify the design. ANSWER: Documentation