Foundational Perspective of Education

1. Enculturation a. Enculturation is the process by which an individual learns the culture that they are surrounded by 2. Traditional Nuclear Family a. a family unit consisting of a wife/mother, a husband/father, and their dependent child or children 3. is an unjustified or incorrect ATTITUDE (usually negative) towards an individual based solely on the individual's membership of a social group. a. Prejudice 4. is the BEHAVIOR or ACTIONS, usually negative, towards an individual or group of people, especially on the basis of sex/race/social class, etc. a. Discrimination 5. White privilege a. The advantages white persons experience by virtue of being white, whether they seek the privileges out or not, compared with individuals from racial or ethnic minority groups. 6. A term used to describe children who are not reaching typical developmental milestones and who may, based on such a delay, be eligible to receive special education services. a. Developmental delay 7. What is ELL a. English Language Learner 8. Which domestic issue is addressed when a charitable agency provides extra school supplies for each classroom? a. Economic stress 9. Which approach can help prevent sexual harassment from affecting students' academic achievement? a. Allow students to anonymously report an incident 10. Is designed to provide second language learners instruction in content and language. a. Content-Based English as a Second Language 11. Public schools receive their funding from a. Property taxes, state allocations, federal dollars 12. LEA is an acronym for a. Local Education Agency 13. True or False: Your employer can monitor your emails sent from your work email account. a. True 14. True or False: Enabling laws are rules and regulations created by the executive branch. a. False 15. A public-school district is paying for transportation for students attending a highperforming private school. How is this justified under the Child Benefit Theory? a. The transportation benefits the students rather than the school. 16. Local education agency is a term used to describe the a. local school district 17. The ______________ of schools is the chief education professional in a school district a. superintendent 18. Hiring decisions are usually approved by the a. local board of education 19. Individual management of schools where principals share decision-making authority with teachers, staff, and community members. a. Site-based management 20. Does each school across the state have the same amount of funding? a. Equity Question 21. Is there enough funding so that students can achieve? a. Adequacy Question 22. Every child in the state had the right to an adequate education. a. Kentucky Education Reform Act (KERA) 23. FERPA. The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (also known as the Buckley Amendment) enacted by Congress in 1974, which governs what? a. Who may see school records and under what conditions? 24. The standard for students' free expression allows schools to restrict such expression if there is reasonable cause that the action will what? a. Disrupt the school 25. Child Benefit Theory a. Services must benefit student, not school or religion 26. Teachers e-mail can be monitored by the district, True or False a. True 27. Declared a person cannot be excluded on the basis of a handicap alone from any program or activity receiving federal funds a. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act 28. The Education for All Handicapped Children Act, which requires all students with disabilities to be given a free, appropriate public education. a. Public Law 94-142 29. A school's obligation to take responsibility for what students learn. a. Accountability 30. Teacher evaluation is often measured by the academic progress students make. ______________ connects the teacher and the students' test scores. a. Value-Added System 31. Concerns with Accountability a. Students are not taught by the same teacher b. Student performance is influenced by many factors c. Teachers need to find ways to increase test scores 32. How will this impact you in your future teaching (Accountability) a. How will this impact you in your future teaching (Accountability) 33. Formal statements of what students know and should be able to do in each of the content areas at various points in their P-12 education a. Academic content standards 34. True or False: "Academic content standards" and "curriculum guides" are interchangeable terms used to describe what students should know and be able to do in each of the content areas at the various points in their P-12 education. a. False 35. True or False: Academic standards vary from state to state in the way they are organized and the direction they provide for teachers. a. True 36. True or False: The creation of academic standards in response to A Nation At Risk: The Imperative for Educational Reform is an example of a national influence on curriculum. a. True 37. True or False: The United States has a single national curriculum where education is centralized at the national level. a. False 38. True or False: The intent of the Common Core State Standards is to develop standards that focus on what is most essential and to make standards that are learning-centered. a. True 39. True or False: School Improvement Process was designed around the core assumption that every child can read. a. False 40. True or False: A concern with the Common Core State Standards is they will expand until they become a national curriculum. a. True 41. True or False: All states must adopt the Common Core State Standards. a. False 42. The formal, official, public academic program of study that defines what students are expected to know as a result of being in school. a. Explicit curriculum 43. Formal, public statements of what students should know and be able to do in each of the content areas at various points in their PK-12 education. a. Academic content standards 44. A document prepared at the state or local district level that provides detailed information to help teachers plan instruction. a. Curriculum guide 45. The curriculum that is delivered by teachers once they make decisions about how to teach the explicit curriculum. a. Taught curriculum 46. What students actually learn in relationship to the goals of the explicit curriculum— which is not always the same as those goals. a. Learned curriculum 47. Ensuring that teachers are held responsible for their students' learning; using student learning as the measure of a teacher's effectiveness. a. Accountability 48. Everything that is not included in the explicit curriculum, and, thus, is not expected to be learned during a student's PK-12 education. (If a high school requires four years of mathematics, but music and art are taken only as electives, then for many students music and art are part of the _____ _____________.) a. Null curriculum 49. Each state has an agency with a title such as the ___________________ which is responsible for all aspects of education, including the development of academic standards a. Department of Public Instruction or the Department of Education 50. Charts that lay out the various topics within a subject that will be included, as well as what level of that topic students will study at each grade level in a particular subject. a. Scope and sequence