Authentic Leadership Part 2

39. I am positive and focused and use will power to keep me and my staff motivated to accomplish goals. What influencing factor of authentic leadership am I using? A. moral reasoning B. integrity C. hope D. confidence Ans: C 40. What is the factor in authentic leadership that describes major events that shape people’s lives? A. resilience B. critical life events C. balanced processing D. confidence Ans: B 41. I lost my job and health insurance right after being diagnosed with a major illness. It was a horrible time for me, but I found strength in the process of dealing with these issues. This is an example of ______. A. balanced processing B. optimism C. a critical life event D. a positive psychological attribute Ans: C 42. Multiple factors influence authentic leadership. Which of these factors is a cognitive process of looking at situations with favorable expectations of the future? A. balanced processing B. optimism C. a critical life event D. a positive psychological attribute Ans: B 43. I had a really poor performance evaluation last week. It really made me think that I should give work more effort than I have been. This is an example of an authentic leadership factor that is a ______. A. catalyst for change B. moral reasoning capacity C. resiliency capacity D. balanced processing Ans: C 44. The factors that influence authentic leadership work together to ______. A. help individuals become authentic leaders B. produce positive psychological capacities C. avoid critical life events D. produce resilient leaders Ans: A 45. The process of authentic leadership emphasizes the development of qualities that help leaders ______. A. be perceived as trustworthy and believable by followers B. be more focused on the goals of the organization C. be less inclined to interact with followers who are not authentic D. assess the authentic development level of their followers Ans: A 46. Which of the following is a strength of authentic leadership? A. It has several decades of research support. B. There is strong empirical data supporting it. C. Morality is well defined in the models. D. It fulfills society’s need to examine trustworthy leaders. Ans: D 47. Authentic leadership helps provide an answer to people who are searching for sound leadership in an uncertain world. Which of the following is true? A. This is a strength of authentic leadership. B. This is a criticism of authentic leadership. C. Authentic leadership is not considered a leadership approach. D. The research on authentic leadership studies variables that are not authentic leadership. Ans: A 48. Authentic leadership ______. A. can be learned B. is follower centered C. has clear organizational outcomes D. is theoretical, not practical Ans: A 49. Which of the following is a criticism of authentic leadership? A. The practical model has not been validated. B. It does not fully express the need for trustworthy leadership. C. It provides broad guidelines for authentic leadership development. D. It has a moral dimension. Ans: A 50. Authentic leadership ______. A. has multiple models that provide clear strategies for authentic leadership development B. is effective in producing positive organizational outcomes C. contains evidence-based research that the strategies to develop authentic leadership increases authentic leadership behaviors D. is something that all people have the capacity to learn, according to research findings Ans: D 51. The prescriptive part of authentic leadership connects the ______. A. moral reasoning capacity with hope and optimism B. five dimensions of authentic leadership to the associated behaviors C. inter- and intrapersonal perspectives with the developmental perspective D. positive psychological capacities with intrapersonal perspectives Ans: B 52. There is no single accepted definition of authentic leadership, but it can be conceptualized in how many ways? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 Ans: C 53. A negative feature of authentic leadership is that ______. A. It is a process that can be learned. B. The practical approach lacks substantial research support. C. It is appealing to people looking for good leaders. D. It provides ideas for how to develop as an authentic leader. Ans: B 54. The intrapersonal definition of authentic leadership states that leadership ______. A. is not a trait but a skill that can be learned B. is a transactional process between leaders and followers C. allows followers to affect leaders D. grows out of the life story of the leader Ans: D 55. The developmental definition of authentic leadership states that leadership ______. A. involves followers’ commitment to the leader’s values B. involves followers’ commitment to developing their own skills C. grows out of the leader’s self-awareness and morality D. is based on the unique traits of the leader Ans: C 56. The interpersonal definition of authentic leadership views leadership as ______. A. leading from conviction B. action based on the values of the leader C. growing out of the personality traits of the leader D. adapting to the beliefs and values of followers Ans: D 57. Which of the following is not a component of Walumbwa and associates’ review of authentic leadership? A. self-awareness B. courage C. internalized moral perspective D. balanced processing Ans: B 58. Which of the following psychological attributes is not part of Luthans and Avolio's (2003) model of authentic leadership? A. confidence B. humility C. optimism D. resilience Ans: B 59. The early research on authentic leadership grew out of an underdeveloped area of which branch of leadership studies? A. the trait approach B. the skills approach C. transformational leadership D. leader–member exchange theory Ans: C 60. Which of the following scholars identified four components of authenticity, including self-awareness, balanced processing, relational transparency, and internalized moral perspective? A. Terry B. George C. Walumbwa et al. D. Luthans and Avolio Ans: C 61. Who used research from the fields of positive psychology and positive organizational behavior to identify psychological attributes that contribute to authentic leadership? A. Terry B. George C. Walumbwa et al. D. Luthans and Avolio Ans: D 62. Which of the following scholars argued that followers want to have an open, trusting relationship with their leaders, and will then give them greater loyalty and commitment? A. Terry B. George C. Walumbwa et al. D. Luthans and Avolio Ans: B 63. Based on Bill George’s authentic leadership approach, which of the following are not related? A. compassion and relationships B. consistency and self-discipline C. passion and purpose D. behavior and values Ans: A 64. Which of the following is least accurate about the self-discipline dimension in George’s authentic leadership approach? A. It is the quality that helps leaders reach their goals. B. It gives leaders focus and determination. C. It provides leaders the energy to carry out work in accordance with their values. D. It is what enables a trusting relationship. Ans: D 65. Which of the following statements about authentic leadership is false? A. Research on authentic leadership is very recent. B. The theoretical approach is based on real-life examples. C. There is no single accepted definition of authentic leadership. D. Authentic leadership is prescriptive. Ans: B 66. According to Walumbwa and associates, which is not one of the four components of authentic leadership? A. self-awareness B. internalized moral perspective C. ethical reasoning D. relational transparency Ans: C 67. Which of the following is not one of the four key positive psychological attributes that have an impact on authentic leadership? A. gregariousness B. confidence C. resilience D. hope Ans: A 68. Which of the following is a criticism of authentic leadership? A. Authentic leadership implies that leaders are motivated by justice and community. B. Authentic leadership provides broad guidelines for individuals who want to become authentic leaders. C. Everyone can develop authenticity and learn to be more authentic. D. The concepts presented in the practical approaches are not fully substantiated. Ans: D 69. The three definitions of authentic leadership are ______. A. interactional, legitimate, and interpersonal B. intrapersonal, developmental, and interpersonal C. sincere, devotional, and fluid D. practical, intentional, and sociable Ans: B 70. Defining authentic leadership as something that grows in people over a lifetime and can be triggered by major life events is to define it as ______. A. structural B. intrapersonal C. developmental D. charismatic Ans: C 71. Critical life events affect authentic leadership because ______. A. they influence a multitude of people B. they act as a catalyst for change C. they are a common occurrence D. they reinforce patterned behaviors Ans: B 72. Stating that authentic leadership provides broad guidelines for those who wish to become authentic leaders is ______. A. an overgeneralization B. an inaccurate statement C. a weakness of authentic leadership D. a strength of authentic leadership Ans: D 73. According to the text, which person exemplifies authentic leadership with strong moral values and strong conscience? A. Nelson Mandela B. Bill Gates C. Eleanor Roosevelt D. Winston Churchill Ans: A 74. Bill George suggests that spending time with other ethnic groups or traveling to a developing country can help a person develop which characteristic of authentic leadership? A. consistency B. connectedness C. compassion D. cultural competence Ans: C 75. The positive psychological capacities outlined in the theoretical model of authentic leadership by Luthans and Avolio are said to be ______. A. both trait-like and learnable B. skills that can only be learned in childhood C. consequences of major life events D. more often found in females than males Ans: A 76. When Starbucks CEO Howard Schultz was a child, he witnessed his family struggle after his father was hurt on the job. As a business leader now, Schultz provides comprehensive health insurance to all employees, even part-time workers. Schultz’s authentic leadership in this way is an example of ______. A. balanced processing B. positive psychological capacities C. a critical life event D. management by exception Ans: C 77. Authentic leaders are perceived as more ______ by their followers. A. intelligent B. competitive C. experienced D. believable Ans: D 78. The moral dimension of the authentic leadership approach is considered ______. A. both a strength and an area of criticism B. unnecessary because leader morality has no impact on followers C. relevant only to leadership in the civic sector D. a source of several authentic leadership training programs Ans: A 79. The authentic leadership approach assumes that ______. A. people can develop authenticity over a lifetime B. critical life events in childhood set a fixed capacity for authenticity C. only a fraction of people have the capability to be authentic leaders D. authentic leadership is too abstract to be measured Ans: A 80. All of the following are antecedents that influence the components in the authentic leadership process except ______. A. positive psychological capacities B. critical life events C. moral Reasoning D. self-Awareness Ans: D True/False 1. The research on authentic leadership is well developed. Ans: F 2. There is no single accepted definition of authentic leadership. Ans: T 3. According to Walumbwa et al. (2010), when leaders are authentic, employees engage in more organizational citizenship behaviors. Ans: T 4. A personal trauma that leads a person to becoming an authentic leader is known as a trigger event. Ans: T 5. Self-discipline is a dimension of authentic leadership in George’s model. Ans: T 6. The life story of the leader is an important part of developing authenticity, according to Shamir and Eilam. Ans: T 7. Relational transparency refers to soliciting viewpoints from those who disagree with you and giving them fair consideration. Ans: F 8. The research data on authentic leadership strongly supports the notion that using the prescribed leadership behaviors increases authentic leadership outcomes. Ans: F 9. Optimism is a factor that influences authentic leadership. Ans: T 10. Moral reasoning is a factor that influences our capacity to make ethical decisions. Ans: T Short Answer 1. What does it mean to define authentic leadership from a developmental perspective? Ans: The developmental perspective views authentic leadership as something that can be learned and developed over a lifetime. It can be nurtured and is not an inborn trait. Authentic leadership can be triggered by a life event. 2. Briefly describe the two approaches to authentic leadership outlined in the text. Ans: Practical approach--evolved from real-life examples; Theoretical approach--based on findings from social science research. 3. Why is a compass sometimes used as a symbol for authentic leadership? Ans: Students may answer using the idea that core values always point an authentic leader in the direction of his/her behaviors--that leaders know who they are and where they’re going. Or students may answer using the idea that self-discipline is like a compass causing a leader to be consistent in his/her focus, using an “inner” compass. Students may also use the term “True North” in their answers. 4. Jared has been called an authentic leader. He has a keen sense of his own strengths, weaknesses, motives, and values. Jared is open and honest in the way he presents himself to his team members and is often said to be “real.” Which two components of the theoretical model of authentic leadership is Jared expressing? Ans: Self-awareness and relational transparency 5. When a politician explains how she overcame a difficult childhood and endured hardships only to emerge as a success story, she is describing which of the positive psychological capacities associated with the theoretical model of authentic leadership? Ans: Resilience Essay 1. Name and describe a person in your life who exemplifies authentic leadership. In your description, apply at least 3 of the authentic leader characteristics from George’s practical model. Ans: Varies. They must support their description of the named person by providing examples of any three of the following characteristics: Purpose, Values, Relationships, Self-Discipline, and/or Heart. 2. If authentic leaders “understand their own values, place followers’ needs above their own, and work with followers to align their interests in order to create a greater common good,” how is this leadership? Ans: Self-awareness: when leader knows who he or she is inside, is stronger anchor for decisions and actions. Internalized moral perspective: actions are consistent with leaders’ expressed beliefs and morals. Balanced processing: when leaders are open about their own perspectives but are also objective in considering others’ perspectives. Relational transparency: communicating openly, and being real in relationships with others. 3. Can leaders be more or less authentic? Or is authenticity like pregnancy: either you are or aren’t authentic? Ans: A good way for students to address this question would be to compare the three different definitions of authentic leadership (intrapersonal, developmental, and interpersonal) to develop their argument. Intrapersonal perspective: what goes on within the leader; emphasizes a leader’s life experiences and the meaning he or she attaches to those experiences as being critical to the development of the authentic leader. Developmental perspective: leadership is something that can be nurtured in a leader, rather than a fixed trait. Authentic leadership develops in people over a lifetime and can be triggered by major life events. Interpersonal process: authenticity emerges from the interactions between leaders and followers. 4. Defend or refute: Authentic leadership and ethical leadership are basically the same. Ans: In defense: authentic leadership from an intrapersonal perspective. The leader’s life experiences and the meaning he or she attaches to those experiences are critical to the development of the authentic leader. To refute: authentic leadership from a developmental perspective. Leadership develops in people over a lifetime. 5. How would a follower be able to identify, and perhaps identify with, a leader who is using authentic leadership? Ans: Varies, but ideally would include a description of George’s five characteristics of authentic leaders from the practical model. This would suggest that students understand that “identify” likely means to find characteristics of authentic leadership. Alternatively, they might give examples of the theoretical model’s four components: self-awareness, internalized moral perspective, balanced processing, and relational transparency.