Air Pollution is Best Defined As

NREM Review Questions A watershed is ________. the area of land from which rainfall drains into rivers or lakes What percentage of Earth's surface is covered with water? 70% The hydrologic cycle is driven by ________. gravity and solar energy ________ are human-made lakes and reservoirs that store water for irrigation, flood control, or energy generation. Impoundments The entire flux of water into the atmosphere is represented by ________. evapotranspiration Which water molecule has the longest residence time? a molecule in the ocean Dams provide an important source of ________. renewable energy Which of the following is an example of a non-point source of pollution? fertilizer-enriched runoff What percentage of groundwater drawn from aquifers each year is used for irrigation? 68% The Red River of the North flows into Hudson Bay, part of the North Atlantic Ocean. What kind of watershed does the Red River drain? open The underground depth where rock and sediment are completely saturated with water is referred to as the ________. water table An artesian well is created when the well is drilled into ________. a confined aquifer under great pressure People who rely on wells for drinking water are likely concerned about all of the following saltwater intrusion, pollutants, overdrawing water, and faulty septic systems (NOT flooding) Which of the following actions should you avoid if you want to decrease the severity of flooding? converting meadows into agricultural areas The Aral Sea is shrinking due to ________. diversion of the rivers that flow into it An important characteristic of aquatic dead zones is a ________. low concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients The rapid sinking of a large area of land above an aquifer is known as ________. a sinkhole The specific aquifer on which most of the U.S. midwestern agriculture depends is known as the ________. Ogallala aquifer In the United States, which of the following consumes the greatest amount of water? industry Most of the water supplied to homes is used _______. to wash, clean, and flush undesirable materials A specific example of non consumptive use of water is ________. disposal of sewage wastewater The first comprehensive national law to manage water quality was the ______. Water Pollution Control Act Which Act requires EPA to regulate the discharge of pollutants into waterways? Clean Water Act The maximum amount of a pollutant that a body of water can support without reducing water quality below acceptable levels is represented by ______. total maximum daily loads Bioassessment uses ________ to determine water quality. living organisms Eutrophication is caused by ________. high levels of phosphorus Ocean acidification is a consequence of what other environmental problem? climate change Which of the following methods has the highest irrigation efficiency? drip irrigation What is the major deterrent to the widespread use of desalination? expense Which of the following is not considered wastewater? groundwater ________ is/are formed during primary wastewater treatment Sludge A/An ________ is a series of large tanks that begin with anaerobic treatment and follows with plants and biological life forms that would live in various wetland areas. eco-machine Solids in wastewater treatment are removed in ________. pretreatment Secondary sewage treatment is designed primarily to ________. remove the dissolved organic matter When considering using gray water, you might use the water for ________. flushing toilets The purpose of an Eco-Machine is to ________. treat wastewater Air pollution is best defined as ________. gases or particles present in high enough concentrations in the atmosphere to harm humans, other organisms and structures Which of the following is a secondary air pollutant? Ozone Which of the following is not an aerosol? methane (smoke, sea salt, dust, pollen ARE) ________ pollutants are chemicals or particles that are directly emitted from identifiable sources. Primary A temperature inversion can adversely affect air quality and is characterized by ________. a layer of warm air forming above colder air Photochemical smog is formed when primary air pollutants interact with ________. sunlight CFCs were primarily used in ________. refrigeration Scrubbers remove 90% of ________. sulfur oxides An aerosol mixture of particulates and sulfur compounds forms a grayish-colored substance that is called ________. industrial smog All of the following are considered indoor air pollutants except ________. All of the following are considered indoor air pollutants except ________. The best way to address outdoor air pollution is to ________. use less polluting energy sources Radon is an indoor air pollutant that has been linked to ________. lung cancer The most common human health response to air pollution is ________. eye and respiratory irritation Stratospheric ozone depletion is currently most serious ________. over New Zealand and Australia All of the following are major steps to controlling air pollution except ________. finding cures for the diseases caused by air pollutants Which step would be most likely to have the greatest effect on improving outdoor air pollution? significant reduction in automobile use Which of the following health problems associated with UV exposure is also associated with thinning of Earth's ozone layer? skin cancer Stratospheric ozone destruction involves a complex series of reactions. These reactions begin with ________. UV from sunlight causing Cl atoms to break free from CFCs The primary sources of the acidity in acid rain are the gases ________. SO2 and NOx Which of the following acts set new standards to reduce automobile emissions along with establishing a cap-and-trade program for reducing sulfur dioxide emissions? the Clean Air Act Amendment of 1990 All of the following pollutants were targeted for reduction by 2010, according to The 1999 Protocol, except ________. CFCs Which of the following pesticides was used to kill termites and treat wood between 1948 and 1988? Chlordane Which naturally emitted gas, accumulating in indoor spaces, has been linked with lung cancer in humans? radon The EPA regulates the demolition and renovation of older buildings because they may contain ________. asbestos In many developing countries a primary indoor air pollutant is ________. smoke from wood-fueled stoves Trace gases make up ________ of the Earth's atmosphere. less than 1% Carbon dioxide released by automobiles is an example of a ________ source of pollution. point Acid rain is an example of ________ deposition. wet Aerosols of sulfur compounds affect climate in what way? They reflect sunlight and cool the Earth's surface. Which of the following heavy metals is/are associated with damage to the human nervous system? mercury and lead Indoor air is likely to be contaminated by all of the following except ________. mercury The Donora killer smog of 1948 was primarily a consequence of ________. emissions from the steel mill Rowland and Molina's work showed that ultraviolet light in the stratosphere causes CFCs to release ________ atoms. chlorine Students at MIT developed a method to produce ________ from agricultural wastes, resulting in a safer indoor fuel for use in developing countries. charcoal Gases or particles that are present in high enough concentrations to harm humans, other organisms, and buildings and other structures air pollution Amount of gases and small particles in the atmosphere that influence ecosystem or human well-being Air Quality Organic chemicals that can vaporize into the air Volatile Organic Compounds Very small solid and liquid particles suspended in the air Particulate Matter Secondary chemicals whose formation is facilitated by sunlight Photochemicals