Art Appreciation Media Notes Maritza

Media * Media: The term "Media,” is the plural for "medium," refers to the type of material used by an artist to create his artwork. Drawing * Most artist use drawing to ________ sketch___________ out their ideas, but, drawing can also be * the final artwork. Dry media: Is powder and often compacted into a _________stick_____________ of some kind.  graphite, color pencils, pastels Wet media: Is ____________liquid____________ or paste-like.  * ink, paint Graphite is pencil •The B pencils are _________harder_____________and darker than the ____H pencils________, lighter H series * * Color pencil is made of pigment and _______wax_________. Charcoal makes quick and ______________expressive__________________ lines and smudges * really easily Chalk, Pastel, and Crayon are made by combining a pigment and a binder. The binder can be [] ________come in sticks________, _____are blendable____ and ______crayon-like____ * Hatching and Cross-Hatching: Many artists use this technique to darken values and create * the effect of shading. This technique is used with wet media that doesn’t _____ blend_____ Wash: A wash is made by ______diluting____ ink with water Painting * * * * Paint in its basic form is composed of pigment and a _____liquid____ binder The first painting were made with pigments and ____saliva____ was used as the binder Encaustic: Pigment mixed with _____hot water_______ and applied quickly Fresco: Pigment mixed with water then applied to a freshly applied _____plaster_____ surface  Fresco’s are generally ______architectural______because they are found on ceilings and walls * Tempera: Pigment mixed with ___egg____  Usually applied with a brush and dries almost immediately so an image is made with ___quick____ ___thin___ brush strokes * Oil: Pigment mixed with ___oil__  Needs solvent to clean up and thin  Masterful use of thin layers of color called _____glazes_____ * Watercolor and Gouache: Pigment suspended in water with a sticky binder, usually * ____gum arabic_____ (water soluble) Acrylic: Composed of pigments suspended in an acrylic ______polymer______ resin  In use since about 1950 and changed everything because paint could now be bought in tubes and their were so many more colors…bright colors !!! *  Dries quickly and can be cleaned from surfaces with water  Acrylic does not blend and is much more opaque than oil Impasto: __thick__ paste-like paint. This is a technique that can be used with oil and acrylic. Printmaking  Artists may not always do the production work themselves. If they create the master image, supervise the process, and sign the artwork, it is considered an ____original____ print  The production of two or more identical images, signed and numbered by the artist, is called an ____edition____ Relief prints are made by carving away from a block of a suitably workable material, such as wood or linoleum, a certain amount of it, to create a ___raised____ image  Area carved away are not inked. Raised areas become the printed surface  Woodblock or woodcut: A relief printmaking process using ____wood___  Linocut: Same process of a woodcut but the block is made of _____linoleum_____  For three colors you would need three different blocks Intaglio Printmaking: A tool is used to _____scratch___ into the plate. The gouged or ____recessed_____ areas are what gets transferred to paper.  The ink on the raised surface is wiped away before printing, leaving ink in the scarred surface of the plate  Engraving: A _V_-shaped metal tool is pushed across the surface of a metal plate forcing the metal up in slivers. The slivers are then scraped off.  Drypoint: A ____pointed_____metal tool is pulled across the surface creating a line with a rough edge or burr.  Etching: A metal plate is coated with an ___acid___-resistant ground. The ground is drawn on / through. The plate is set in an acid bath where the unprotected areas are eaten away by the acid making grooves that hold the ink. Lithography: The printing surface is flat, not raised or recessed and relies on the fact that ___grease__ and water do not mix. Artists like it because it is similar to ____drawing___. The pencil is waxy Silkscreen Printing: also known as seriography. Ink is pushed through the holes of a finemeshed ___screen__ to print on a surface.  All areas except the image have been masked by a film.  It may take multiple screens to make up an image…each screen being a color Monotypes and Monoprints: Monotypes and monoprints are print techniques where the artist means to produce a unique image – so there is only ____one______ Sculpture * •Sculptures can be made from many materials: e.g. glass, wax, ice, plastic, neon lights, animals * •Sculptures exist in ____three___ dimensions and occupy ____physical___ space •Subtractive: a sculptor uses a tool to carve, drill, chisel, chip, whittle, or saw away ___unwanted____ material  Carving: Worked by chipping, carving, sanding, and polishing •Additive: processes of modeling, casting, or constructing to __add__material to make the final artwork * *  Modeling: Working of plastic (pliable) materials by hand to build _up__ form  Casting: Employs a ___mold__ into which material is poured and allowed to harden. Earthwork: Large-scale, __out__ of doors artwork involving the environment Construction (additive process): The artist makes all the ____parts____ and puts them together in one composition.  * Construction Uses a variety of methods to create and put together components Assemblage (additive process): The practice of _____gathering____ objects and _____fabricating______them into a work of art is called assemblage  The gathered objects (called found objects) are ____repurposed____ so that they support the visual ideas of the artist * Readymades: An alteration of an object - the object is ____altered___ in a way that changes * its original _____meaning____ or purpose Installation: Introducing sculptural or other materials into a space in order to _____transform____ our experience of the space The Tradition of Craft * •Crafts came to mean items meant to be ___used___ rather than simply looked at •Craft media are: Ceramics, Jewelry, Fiber * Ceramics: Manufacture of a ceramic object requires the shaping of clay, a natural material dug from the earth, which is then baked at high temperatures to make it hard  Pinch Method: Process of _____squeezing____ clay between the fingers to push and pull it into the desired shape  Coil Method: A coil is created by rolling the clay on a flat surface so that it extends into a long ____rope____-like shape *  Throwing: The process of making pottery on a ____wheel___(spinning disk)  Slab Method: Clay is rolled into a flat ____sheet_____ and cut into shapes Glass: is produced by melting ______silica_____ (sand) with lead at intense heat  Stained Glass: Colored glass used to form decorative or pictorial designs by setting contrasting pieces in a lead ____framework___  Glassblowing: is the process of forming a glass vessel by forcing air into molten glass, usually by _____blowing____ through a tube * Metalwork •Metal can be heated to a liquid state and poured into molds •It can also be hammered into shape or bent to fit the needs of the artist  Chasing: Laying a ____thin___ sheet of metal over a shape then ____hammered___ the surface until the shape and texture of the design was imprinted in the metal  Repoussé: the artist hammers a blunt tool against the __back___ of the object. The opposite side is pushed out to form the images * Fiber: Fibers are threads made from animal or vegetable materials (fur, wool, silk, cotton, flax, or linen) or synthetic materials (nylon, polyester)  Can be spun into yarn, string, or thread, then woven or knitted into textiles  Embroidery: a process that uses free-form, fine wool-thread stitching on a drawn design - Like “_____painting____ with thread” *  Weaving: the craft or action of forming fabric by ____interlacing___ threads  Knitting is a process of creating a fabric using ___loops____ and stitching Wood: Trees provide different woods that vary in color and hardness  Intarsia: is a kind of ___mosaic___ using woods of different colors  Wood turning: Turning is the fashioning of a wooden object using a ____lathe___ (a power-driven spinning support) Photography *  The word photography derives from Greek, “drawing with light”  Initially photography was not accepted as an art form. *  Daguerreotype - fixing a camera image on a metal plate making it ____permanent______  Cyanotype: is a photographic printing process that results in a blue print (blueprints)  Areas exposed to light turned the paper ___dark__; shaded places stayed __light__  Calotypes: negative caught on ____light sensitive_____ paper to make numerous positive prints  Basis of modern black-and-white film processes  Photojournalism: The use of photography to tell a ____news____ story  Snapshot: Spontaneous, Looks ___casual___