Glycolysis Worksheet

Glycolysis Worksheet. Please fill in the blanks. 1. Explain why the phosphate end of ATP stores potential energy. Each of the phosphate groups is negatively charged. These negatives repel each other and so they would have less energy if they were further apart. 2. Name three kinds of cellular work that your cells perform. chemical work, mechanical work, and transport work. An example of chemical work is building large molecules such as proteins. An example of mechanical work is a contraction of a muscle. An example of transport work is the movement of molecules across the membrane. 3. Which has more potential energy, ATP or ADP? ATP has more potential energy than ADP since it has three negatively charged phosphates held together vs only two in ADP. 4. Explain how respiration (breathing) is related to cellular respiration. Cellular respiration breaks down glucose with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy. Oxygen needed for cellular respiration is brought into the body through inhalation. 5. Write the overall reaction for cellular respiration. The overall equation for cellular respiration is C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP. Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products. 6. What is an electron transport chain? The electron transport chain is a series of four protein complexes that couple redox reactions, creating an electrochemical gradient that leads to the creation of ATP in a complete system named oxidative phosphorylation. It occurs in mitochondria in both cellular respiration and photosynthesis. 7. What molecule accepts electrons at the end of the electron transport chain? Sits at the end of the electron transport chain, where it accepts electrons and picks up protons to form water. 8. What is the literal meaning of the word glycolysis? gly-KAH-lih-sis) A process in which glucose (sugar) is partially broken down by cells in enzyme reactions that do not need oxygen. 9. Where in the cell do the cellular respiration reactions take place? Cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm and mitochondria of eukaryotic cells, like plants, animals and fungi. Prokaryotic cells also do cellular respiration, but a much simpler version which takes place in the cytoplasm. 10. How many ATP are used (changed to ADP) in the first half of glycolysis? The first half of glycolysis uses two ATP molecules in the phosphorylation of glucose, which is then split into two three-carbon molecules. 11. How many ATP are made from ADP in the second half of glycolysis? Although four ATP molecules are produced in the second half, the net gain of glycolysis is only two ATP because two ATP molecules are used in the first half of glycolysis 12. What is the net gain of ATP for glycolysis? The energy to split glucose is provided by two molecules of ATP. As glycolysis proceeds, energy is released, and the energy is used to make four molecules of ATP. As a result, there is a net gain of two ATP molecules during glycolysis 13. How many molecules of pyruvate are made from a single molecule of glucose? The first stage of cellular respiration is glycolysis. It does not require oxygen. During glycolysis, one glucose molecule is split into two pyruvate molecules, using 2 ATP while producing 4 ATP and 2 NADH molecules. 14. What molecule stores the high-energy electrons (and hydrogen) removed from glucose in glycolysis? During glycolysis, the high-energy electrons (and hydrogen) removed from glucose are transferred to a molecule called nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), which is converted into its reduced form, NADH 15. Place the words below in their correct location in the diagram.