Population Dynamics Using Modeling and Simulations Lab

741 Lab 7: Population Dynamics using Modelling and Simulations Overview: Part 1: Create a static life table and survivorship curve using online cemetery data. Part 2: Use an online simulator to predict population dynamics in exponential and logistic growth models. Part 3: Complete the "Lionfish invasion: Density-Dependent Population Dynamics Click and Learn and discuss the case studies as a group. Adapted from 1) Lanes (2012) Teaching haues and Experimentsingy (TCE)-1-20 21 иные 2020 ним вicinteractive Population Dynamics Interactive Sms/ bitrate 20201 31 HHMI 2022. HHMI Bicnteractive Lionfish revasion: Density Deaendent Pupulation Dysms https//media.hhm.org/Austeractive.ch/finfish inconteston (Acrued June 13 30273 Objectives: At the conclusion of this lab, participants will be able to: Calculate a static life table Identify and interpret three types of survivorship curves Identify and interpret growth curves for exponential and logistic growth Compare the assumptions of the exponential and logistic growth models Predict how changing model parameters will affect population growth in the exponential and logistic models Connections to the lecture material: What is a population? How are populations structured? How do we model populations? What factors affect population growth? Interpret mathematical models and graphs to draw scientific conclusions Population Ecology A population is a group of individuals from the same species that co-occur in space and time. Population ecology is a stepping-stone between individual ecology (how a single organism interacts with its environment) and community ecology (how multiple different species of organisms interact between themselves and their environments). Population ecology is an important field for resource-based economies, such as forestry or fisheries, where knowledge of the dynamics of that population and the factors that affect it are crucial to the success and protection of the resource. Modelling Population Dynamics Scientists use modelling to help explain and predict how complex systems work. Population ecologists use modelling to investigate how changes in the population characteristics affect overall population size. Models are useful not only for scientists, but these models are often used as tools in the "real-world" to predict outcomes and to guide decision making in fields such as resource management and conservation. One of the most simplified mathematic equations for population dynamics is the BIDE equation. This principle is shown in the following equation: 7-2 POPULATION DYNAMICS Nas N+B+1-D-E BIDE dynamics state that the size of a population N. Inumber of individuals at a time 1) will change over time depending on four main factors, the number of individuals born (8), died (D), immigrated (1), and emigrated (E). The number of individuals born and immigrated (arrived into the population) will increase the population size. The number of individuals that died or emigrated (exited the population) will cause a decrease in the population size. If the total number of individuals that were born or immigrated is greater than the number of individuals that died or emigrated, then the population will grow. If the total number of individuals that died or emigrated is greater than the combined number of Individuals that were born or immigrated, then the population size will decrease over that time interval. Patterns of Survival Number of Sanivers (Logarithmicocxle The BIDE equation shows that the numbers of births and deaths will affect the growth of a population over time. Different species have adopted different reproductive strategies, resulting in different Age patterns of survival over time. For example, some species (including humans) produce few numbers of offspring. but invest highly in their care, resulting in a high survival rate for young offspring (Figure 7-1. Curve 1). This results in an overall survivorship curve where the mortality rate is highest at old ages. Other species, including many marine fish, produce a high number of offspring, but invest little in securing their survivability, thus resulting in a high mortality rate in young offspring (Figure 7-1. Curve III). Other species, such as many types of birds, have an equal death rate throughout all stages of their life (Figure 7-1. Curve II). These three different life strategies can be plotted by graphing the number of survivors on the y axis and age on the x-axis. This type of graph is called a survivorship curve, and these three life strategies can be represented by differently shaped survivorship curves. Figure 7-1. Three types of survivorship curves. L High juvenile survival, . Equal martality across all ages, High juvenile mortality Cohort and Static Life Tables One way to gather data on patterns of survival in a population is by creating a cohort life table. A cohort is a group of individuals that are born around the same time and move through life within the same period as a "cohort". To create a cohort life table you need to follow each member of this cohort for its entire lifetime and track the age at which each individual dies. Since following a cohort through their entire lifetime can be difficult or in some cases even impossible, there are other options: create an age distribution (covered in lecture), or create a static life table. In a static life table, the age at time of death is recorded for a group of individuals that were born at different times. In Part 1 of the lab, you will use online cemetery data to create a static life tables from two different periods in time and plot their corresponding survivorship curves. You collect the data for age (x) and number of individuals surviving to day x (n), and then you will calculate the proportion of Individuals surviving until day x (1). You will then use those values to plot survivorship curves for your population 2 G G 7-2 POPULATION DYNAMICS Nas N+B+1-D-E BIDE dynamics state that the size of a population N. Inumber of individuals at a time 1) will change over time depending on four main factors, the number of individuals born (8), died (D), immigrated (1), and emigrated (E). The number of individuals born and immigrated (arrived into the population) will increase the population size. The number of individuals that died or emigrated (exited the population) will cause a decrease in the population size. If the total number of individuals that were born or immigrated is greater than the number of individuals that died or emigrated, then the population will grow. If the total number of individuals that died or emigrated is greater than the combined number of Individuals that were born or immigrated, then the population size will decrease over that time interval. Patterns of Survival Number of Sanivers (Logarithmicocxle The BIDE equation shows that the numbers of births and deaths will affect the growth of a population over time. Different species have adopted different reproductive strategies, resulting in different Age patterns of survival over time. For example, some species (including humans) produce few numbers of offspring. but invest highly in their care, resulting in a high survival rate for young offspring (Figure 7-1. Curve 1). This results in an overall survivorship curve where the mortality rate is highest at old ages. Other species, including many marine fish, produce a high number of offspring, but invest little in securing their survivability, thus resulting in a high mortality rate in young offspring (Figure 7-1. Curve III). Other species, such as many types of birds, have an equal death rate throughout all stages of their life (Figure 7-1. Curve II). These three different life strategies can be plotted by graphing the number of survivors on the y axis and age on the x-axis. This type of graph is called a survivorship curve, and these three life strategies can be represented by differently shaped survivorship curves. Figure 7-1. Three types of survivorship curves. L High juvenile survival, . Equal martality across all ages, High juvenile mortality Cohort and Static Life Tables One way to gather data on patterns of survival in a population is by creating a cohort life table. A cohort is a group of individuals that are born around the same time and move through life within the same period as a "cohort". To create a cohort life table you need to follow each member of this cohort for its entire lifetime and track the age at which each individual dies. Since following a cohort through their entire lifetime can be difficult or in some cases even impossible, there are other options: create an age distribution (covered in lecture), or create a static life table. In a static life table, the age at time of death is recorded for a group of individuals that were born at different times. In Part 1 of the lab, you will use online cemetery data to create a static life tables from two different periods in time and plot their corresponding survivorship curves. You collect the data for age (x) and number of individuals surviving to day x (n), and then you will calculate the proportion of Individuals surviving until day x (1). You will then use those values to plot survivorship curves for your population 2 G G