Earth, Moon, Sun, Review AK

1. In your own words, write a definition for each of the following terms: Revolution – movement of one object around another object Rotation – movement of an object around its own axis. 2. On what properties does the force of gravity between two objects depend? Distance between two objects and their mass 3. How does gravity keep a planet moving in an orbit around the sun? Pulls the planet toward the sun 4. The Earth’s period of revolution is 365.25 days. Convert this period of revolution into hours. Show your work. 8,766 hours 5. If a planet had two moons and one moon was twice as far from the planet as the other, which moon would complete a revolution of the planet first? Explain your answer. The moon closer to the planet because its orbit would be smaller 6. A day is the time at which the sun is farthest north or south of the equator. T 7. An equinox is the time it takes the Earth to rotate once on its axis. T F F 8. The time at which the North Pole is tilted toward the sun and the Northern Hemisphere receives more daylight hours than the Southern Hemisphere is called b. the June Solstice. 9. What causes daylight and night on Earth? Earth’s rotation on its axis 10. Sunlight travels through space to the Earth at a speed of 300,000 km/s. The average distance between the sun and the Earth is 150 million kilometers. How long does light take to travel from the sun to Earth? Show your work below. 8 minutes 11. If the Earth were not tilted, would we have seasons? No 12. A(n) eclipse happens when the shadow of one celestial body falls on another body. 13. The different appearances of the moon that are due to its position changes are called phases. 14. When the sunlit part of the moon appears to get smaller, the moon is said to be d. waning. 15. The diameter of the moon is 3,475 km. What is the moon’s radius? 3,475/2 = 1737.5 km low. 16. Explain why we always see the same side of the moon. speed it takes to revolve around the earth. The moon rotates at the same 17. Describe how the movement of the Earth and the moon’s orbit cause the phases of the moon. Earth rotates on its axis causing day and night. The moon revolves around the earth over the course of about a month. We see the moon’s phases because we see the moon from different angles 18. In your own words, write a definition for each of the following terms: spring tides – tide with the greatest distance between high tide and low tide. Caused by the pull of gravity from the moon and the sun when the moon and sun are in a straight line with earth, new moon and full moon neap tides – least difference between low and high tide. Moon’s and sun’s gravity pull on earth at an angle of 90 degrees. First and third quarters. 19. Tides are at their highest during spring tide. 20. Which tides have minimum tidal range? Neap tide Which tides have maximum tidal range? Spring tide 21. What causes tidal ranges? Relative position of earth, moon and sun 22. If it takes 24 h and 50 min for a spot on Earth that is facing the moon to rotate to face the moon again, how many minutes does it take? 1490 minutes Show your work below. 23. How many days pass between the minimum and the maximum of the tidal range in any given area? Explain your answer. 7 days because it takes about a quarter of the moon’s cycle for the maximum and minimum tidal range. 28 days/4 = 7 24. Explain how the position of the moon relates to the occurrence of high tides and low tides. The closer the moon is to earth, the greater the moon’s gravity pulls on earth causing high tides. Low tides occur between two high tides. 25. Use the terms from the following list to complete the sentences below. Each term may be used only once. Some terms may not be used. Solstice, equinox, upwelling, tidal range, waning day, rotation, eclipse, phases a. The difference between levels of ocean water at high tide and low tide is called a(n) b. Earth completes one each day. rotation tidal range. c. When the shadow of one celestial body falls on another body, a(n) eclipse happens. d. The point at which the sun is as far north or as far south of the equator as possible is called a(n) solstice. e. The different appearances of the moon due to its changing positions are called phases. f. The moment when the sun’s path passes the celestial equator is called the equinox . 27. The gravitational attraction between two objects increases if d. the distance between them decreases and their mass increases. 28. Annular solar eclipses occur because a. the moon reflects more sunlight than the Earth does. b. the Earth’s shadow is too small to completely cover the moon. c. the moon is too far away from Earth to completely hide the sun. d. the moon, sun, and Earth are not lined up in a straight line. 29. When do the greatest tidal ranges occur? a. spring tides b. neap tides c. high tides d. low tides 30. Seasonal change depends on which of the following? a. weather b. wind patterns c. equinoxes d. latitude 31. Describe the difference between a solar eclipse and a lunar eclipse Solar eclipse – when the moon passes between the earth and the sun, blocking sunlight from reaching the earth. Lunar eclipse – occurs at a full moon when Earth is directly between the moon and the sun. 32. Explain how the positions of the Earth, moon, and sun affect the tides. When Earth moon and sun are in a straight line, a spring tide occurs. When the moon is at a right angle from the sun, a neap tide occurs. 33. Is the far side of the moon always dark? Explain your answer. No. It receives sunlight as it rotates around the earth. Half of the far side is lit during a new moon. 34. How might tides be affected if the sun were closer to Earth than it is now? Explain your answer while ignoring temperature differences. The tides would be higher and lower because of the pull on earth from the sun’s gravity. 35. Look at the moon chart shown below. Label each lunar phase with the correct phase name from the following list: new moon, full moon, first quarter, last quarter, waxing gibbous, waning gibbous, waxing crescent, waning crescent. Then answer the questions that follow a. What causes the moon to change its appearance throughout the lunar cycle? The moon’s position in its orbit around the earth b. Look at the chart you just labeled. What do the terms waxing and waning mean in relation to the lunar phases? Waxing means getting bigger, waning means getting smaller c. Explain why we only see one side of the moon from Earth. The moon revolves around the Earth in the same amount of time the moon takes to rotate on its axis.