Industrialization and Economic Change in Early America

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Lesson 1 In the mid-1700’s people began producing goods through new methods Cotton gin- a machine that removes seeds from cotton fiber Interchangeable parts-a part of a machine or device that can be replaced by another,identical part In 1790 congress passed a patent law to protect the right to inventors In the 1790s,slater built copies in the united states of british machines that made cotton thread Patent-sole legal rights to an invention and its profits Capitalism- economic system in which people and companies own the means of production Capital- money or other items ,such as machines or buildings used to create wealth Free enterprise- a type of economy in which people are free to buy,sell,and produce whatever they want While many new englanders went to work in factories in the early 1800s most americans still lived and worked on farms Between 1790 and 1810,the number of enslaved africans in the united states rose from about 700,000 to 1.2 million In the 1830’s changes in the law paved the way for the growth of corporations ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Lesson 2 In 1790 the first census the official count of a population revealed that three were nearly 4 million americans In 1769 he explored a native american trail through the appalachian mountains In 1775 boone rounded up 30 skilled foresters to make the trail easier to cross pioneers migrating west Census- the official count of a population More than 100,000 people travled it between 1775-1790 Turnpikes- road on which tolls are collected Ohio became a state in 1803 The route closely followed that of a military road george washignton had built in 1754 In the 1780s and 1790s boat captains were already using steam engines to power in quiet waters In 1802 robert livingston a political and business leader hired robert fulton to build a steamboat with a powerful engine Canal- an artificial waterway Lock- separate compartments in which water levels rise and falls in order to raise or lower boats on a canal Lesson 3 ● With the end of the war of 1812,the intense divisions that once split the nation seemed gone ● Outgoing president james madison’s last message to congress in 1817 expressed a growing nationalisms or strong loyalty to the nation ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● The war of 1812 had made clear that jefferson’s ideal of a limited central government could not meet the needs of a nation in time of crisis Another challenge facing the economy was a flood of british goods following the war of 1812 Congress passed the tariff of 1816 Sectionalism- rivalry based on the special interest of different Monopoly- a market where there is only one provider Interstate commerce- economic activity taking place between two or more states In 1819 the missouri territory asked congress for admission as a state The war of 1812 heightened americans pride in their country In the 1817 rush-bagot agreement the united states and britain agree to limit the number of armed naval vessels on the great lakes Cedes- to transfer control of something