Early Jamestown - Why did so Many Colonists Die Part 2

Bucketing - Getting Ready to Write Bucketing Look over all the documents and organize them into your final buckets. Write final bucket labels under each bucket and place the Jetters of the documents in the buckets where they belong. lt is ОК to put а document in more than one bucket. RememЬer, your buckets are going to become your body paragraphs. Thesls Development and Roadmap On the chickenfoot Ьelow, \vrite your thesis and your roadmap. Your thesis is always an opinion and answers the Mini-Q question. The roadmap is created from your bucket Jabels and lists the topic areas you will examine in order to prove your thesis. From Thesis to Essay Writing Mini-Q Essay Outllne Guide Working Тitle Paragraph #1 Grabber Background Stating the question with key terms defined Thesis and roadmap Paragraph #2 , С \ а. i rп for bucket one Evidence: supporting detail from documents with document citation Argument: connecting evidence to the thesis Paragraph #3 for bucket two С, \а im Evidence Argument Paragraph #4 Q \ а i n, for bucket three Evidence Argurnent Paragraph #5 Conclusion: Restatement of main idea along with possiЫe insight or wrink.le Early J amestown: Why Did So Many Colonists Die? Overview: In Мау 1607, about 11О Englishmen arrived at the mouth of а great Ьау on the coast of ViJginia. It was to Ье the first pe!"manent English colony in what is now the United States. The first years of settlement were not easy. This Mini-Q asks why so many colonists died. The Documents: Document А: Jamestown's Environment Document В: Rainfall in Jamestown Document С: Occupation List of the First Settlers Document D: Grain Trade With the Powhatans Document Е: Chronology of English Mortality А Mini Document Based Question (Mini-Q) Hook Exercise: Jamestown Directions: Examine the map, and with а partner, discuss tbe answers to the questions below. Ве ready to share your thinking with the class. Source: James Horn, А Land as God Made Jt, Basic Books, А Member of Perseuэ Books Group, New York, 2005. Drawn Ьу RеЬесса L. Wren. Principal Powhatan and English Settlements, 1607-1611 � /. .CIJlckt.ht1t11111y 1: J ( QUtyou11hcoh1nnock А А Powhatan шtlemeлt .6. Eog/Jsh s,ttlement + Bngll,h rort _,::,,:.1_..__ О 5 + J( _,,-,:t,� .. ( N'd,.,.... lli>1111 " ,' ,.' Ышd � Jamestown ноg ;•О<\ WarniЯOy,ck 8 вJшu ]iitnll Polnt Rtu•,- .,..... 10 + Questions 1. ln what modem-day state is this region Jocated? 2. What сап you infer about who lived in this area before the arrivaJ of the English? 3. Why do you think the Englisb would cboose to settle here? 4. Is there any evidence that the English expected trouЫe? 5. Is there any evidence that the English may have been too confident? 6. Just Ьу looking at this map, can you make any predictions why so many colonists died at Jamestown? Early Jamestown: Why Did So Many Colonists Die? ) ln the spring of 1607, three English ships caп·ying more than 100 passengers sailed into the mouth of Cbesapeake Вау and worked their way up the James Riveг. Hopes were high, and with good reason. This was to Ье the first per­ manent English settlement in the New World. А stгong group of English investo1·s stood behind the enter·prise. The Кing of England, James I, had given the colonizers his Ыessing. Along the river banks one could see freshwater streams, "faire meddowes and goodly tall trees." Ahead !ау possiЫe riches, а native population to Ье taught the ways of Jesus Christ, and maybe even а hidden u·ade route ю China! was to become Jamestown. Of the 110 original settJers, only 40 would Ье alive at the end of December. The aпiva] in January of а resupply ship saved the colony from total collapse, but in the next two years, hard times continued. Captain John Smith who had pгovided much needed Ieadership was sent back to England. Then, in the awful wiпter of 1609-1610, two­ thirds of tbe settlement died. Wbat was рrоЬаЫу шш-е important is that the "faiгe meddowes апd goodly tall trees" of the Chesapeake were not empty. Some 15,000 Powhatan lndians lived in small villages along and around the James River. They were loosely гuled Ьу а gr·eat chief named Wahunsonacock. One of Wahunsonacock's daughters was the faЬled Pocahontas, а vегу real person \vho would one day marry an Englishman and sail to Eпgland. the motber country, were а determined bunch. OUJ focus, however, is not оп the survival, b11t оп the near destruction. In а Mini-Q, fivc documcnts сап only tel1 part of the stoгy, but that is the challcпgc. Examine the documcnts that follow and do your Ьest to answer the question: Ea,·ly Jamestown: Why did so тапу colonists die? RemarkaЫy, the English kept coming mеп, women, апd childieп. The vast majш-ity were youпg ( 17 to 35) and most were poor. They hoped to work off their debt and, опе day, own а piece of land. А few aпived with money, Trlle, theie were and some would one dangers. А Spanish day find success warship or two would growiпg tobacco. But not Ье а surprise. fог most theгe was по Also, the English had happy ending. Ву expeгienced а recent 161 !, of the mш-е failure on neaJby Roanoke: Arrival, 1590. The Granger Collection, New York than 500 settlers who Roanoke lsland. ln had a,тived at Jamestown, 80% we1·e dead. fact all the Roanoke coloпists had mysteriously disappeared. But in 1607, these were ассерtаЫе It is truly amazing that the colony suгvived. risks. Those English, both in Jamestown and back in Wheп the English settlers arrived they built а fort оп а place they called James Islaпd. This GIII Document А Source: Dennls В. Blanton, "Jamestown's Envlronment,' Center for Archaeologlcal Research, College of Wllllam & Магу, Wllllamsburg, Vlrglnla, 2000. Many people have cornmented over the last four centuries on the qualities of Jamestown's environment.... Because the adjacent river and creeks became brackish as water levels rose, reliaЬle sources of fresh water would have Ьееn scarce Ьу the seven­ teenth century.... English colonists dug shallow we11s to supply themselves with sources of drinking water, but these were vulneraЫe to drought and salt water intrusion. Also, blstorian Carville V. Earle attributed ... disease in the early years to Jamestown's position at the salt-fresh water transition, where filth introduced into the river tended to fester rather than flush away. Тhе island is not situated at а point of great natural food abundance, especially relative to other locations very close Ьу .... Fish are present in local streams, but only in the spring and early summer are they there in impressive abundance .... .. Document В Source: Adapted from "Тhе Lost Colony and Jamestown Droughts," Sсiвпсв, April 24, 1998. Note: This study determined rainfall amounts Ьу examinlng tree-rlng patterns in old cypress trees growlng near Jamestown. Every year leaves а growth ring inside the trunk of а tree. А wider ring indicates plenty of rainfall and good growth. А narrow rlng usually means less rain. "О" оп the chart means average tree-ring size and therefore average rainfall. s "О с -·; 4 t Jamestown Drought m о с а: -4 1560 1600 Year 1640 Document С ) Source: Adapted from John Smlth, The Gвпвга/1 Hlstorlв of V/rg/nia, Nвw England, and thв Sиттвг lslвs, Вооk 111, 1624. First and Second Jamestown Ship Lists Occupation Council (governors) Gentlemen Laboш·erR Cooper (barreJ maker) Cai·penter Blacksmit.h Sailer (sail шaker) Barber Bricklayer Mason ТоЬассо pipe maker Tailor Druпune1· Preacher Boyes Je,veler Refiпeгs and goldsmiths Gt1лsmith Perfume1· (wig maker) Apothecarie (dщggists) Sш-geon Occupation unknown TOTALМALE TOTAL PEMALE Origlnal Settlers Мау 1607 6 47 12 о 4 1 1 1 1 1 о 1 ] 1 4 1 st Resupply January 1608 1 28 21 1 о 1 о о о о 1 6 о о о о о о о о 1 4 1 1 28 51 1 IO 120 1 о 2 1 о No1c: А gentlemaп was а person or wealth who was not used LO working with his l1a11ds. А Ьоу wns а yo11ng servant. Document D Source: lvor Noel Hume, Тhв Vlrglnlв Advвnturв, Alfred А. Кnopf, 1994. [In 1609] Francis West and thirty-six men [sailed] up the Chesapeak:e Вау to try to trade for com with the Patawomeke lndians .... Although still part of Powhatan's Confederacy, the triЬe had seen less of the English than had those closer at hand and with luck might Ье more friendJy. And so it proved. Though West was аЫе to load his [small ship] with grain, the success involved "some harshe and [cruel] dealinge Ьу cutting of towe [two] of the Salvages heads and other extremetyes." The [ship] and her lifesaving cargo retumed to [Jamestown] .... No one doubted that this new supply of grain would help, but it would not Ье enough to last the winter. On the other hand, decided the ship's crew, it was plenty to get them fatly home to England. So it was that Francis West "Ьу the perswasion or rather Ьу the inforcement of his company hoysed up [sails]" and headed out into the Atlantic, Jeaving the colonists to the Indians and to God. Document Е Source: Adapted from J. Frederick Fausz, "Ап Abundance of Blood Shed оп Вoth Sides: England's First lndian War, 1609-1614," Тhе Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, January 1990. Chronology of English Mortality in Virginia, 1607-1610 14Мау 26Мау June-Aug. Aug.-Oct. Nov. Dec. 1607 Total Popuiation 104 colonists disembark at Jamestown Island 2 die in first Indian attack on Fort James At least 3 more die in Indian ambushes Summer sickness kills half the colonist Capt. George Kendall is executed for mutiny Pamunkeys kШ 2 colonists in capturing Capt. John Srnith, and, at year's end, the English in Virginia "were but fortie in all" 104 102 99 49 48 40 1608 2 Jan. lOApr. 7 Sept. 8 Oct. Capt. Newport arrives with 100 men (1st Supply) Capt. Nelson brings 20 in Phoenix; 2 depart Srnith reports "many dead, some sick" Newport arrives with 70 colonists (2nd Supply) 140 158 130 200 1609-1610 Winter 1608-09 Mid-Jan. Summer 11-18 August Aug.-Oct. Aug.-Oct. Nov.-May 1610 Only 8 die during well-provisioned winter 11 colonists die in boating accident Disease returns, 100 at Jamestown "sickened and half the numЬer died" 6 ships bring some 250 people (3rd Supply) Of 120 men stationed near the falls, the lndians k.Ш "neere halfe" Of 100 men at Nansernond, Indians kill 50 Powhatan's siege of Jamestown (the "Starving Time") kills some 110 colonists from famine and disease; another 33 slain; 37 desert 192 181 131 381 330 280 90