World History-Absolutism and Revolution

Which of the following would Locke most favor? Republic Why was James I resistant to work with Parliament? He believed in the absolute power of kings. Which statement gives the best summary of the English Bill of Rights? The bill ensured superiority of Parliament over the monarchy. To protect liberty, what did Montesquieu propose? He proposed that the government be divided into separate branches. Who believed that the best economic system was on in which business compete to gain profit with minimal or no government control? Adam Smith Rousseau wrote, "Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains." What kind of government did he favor in order to ensure greater freedom? A popularly elected government Which form of government did Hobbes think could best maintain social order? Absolute monarchy What was the impact of the English Bill of Rights on the development of democracy in England? It gave Parliament essential powers independent of the monarchy. Which of the following was a significant result of the Glorious Revolution? English King, James II, was overthrown. Which of the following characterizes the economic system favored by Adam Smith? Supply and demand regulate business Which statement describes the influence of Elizabeth I on England? Her skillful use of personal advisors to communicate her wishes to Parliament promoted stability. Elizabeth I's relationship with Parliament demonstrated which of the following to other countries? A female absolute ruler can work together with Parliament. Who were the oligarchs that controlled elections to the House of Commons? Wealthy businessmen, Affluent landowners. How did the British oligarchs threaten the livelihood of the poor? They bought common lands, They evicted tenant farmers. Magna Carta - first English document to limit power of the monarch - limited the power of the King in areas like taxation cause of the English Civil War a clash between King Charles I and Parliament after Charles tried to assert divine right to rule England Charles the V of Spain King of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor. Absolute Monarch. He is the only know king that retires from being King, Monarch, Holy Roman Empire. Charles the I/Stuart Was beheaded on the order of Cromwell and the Roundheads English Civil War/Puritan Revolution conflict from 1640-1660; religious disputes mixed with constitutional issues (the powers of the monarch); ended w/ restoration of the monarch following execution of previous king Oliver Cromwell English military, political, and religious figure who led the Parliamentarian victory in the English Civil War (1642-1649) and called for the execution of Charles I. As lord protector of England (1653-1658) he ruled as a virtual dictator. Charles the II/Stuart First monarch of the restoration The Glorious Revolution William and Mary kicked James II out of England (exiled into France), allowed more power to the legislatures English Bill of Rights King William and Queen Mary accepted this document in 1689. It guaranteed certain rights to English citizens and declared that elections for Parliament would happen frequently. By accepting this document, they supported a limited monarchy, a system in which they shared their power with Parliament and the people. Limited Monarchy government in which a constitution or legislative body limits the monarch's powers Natural Laws laws that govern human nature John Locke English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property. Baron de Montesquieu French aristocrat who wanted to limit royal absolutism; Wrote The Spirit of Laws, urging that power be separated between executive, legislative, and judicial branches, each balancing out the others, thus preventing despotism and preserving freedom. This greatly influenced writers of the US Constitution. He greatly admired British form of government. Enlightened Despots Absolute rulers who used their power to bring about political and social change Rousseau (1712-1778) Believed that society threatened natural rights and freedoms. Wrote about society's corruption caused by the revival of sciences and art instead of it's improvement. He was sponsored by the wealthy and participated in salons but often felt uncomfortable and denounced them. Wrote "The Social Contract." autocratic ruling with absolute authority; extremely bossy; absolute in power or authority; boyar a landowning noble of Russia; Russian noble; landowning noble in Russia under the tsars; Catherine the Great Catherine the Great (1729-1796) was the German-born empress of Russia (1762-1796) who led her country in becoming part of the political and cultural life of Europe. Frederick II "Frederick The Great"-1712-1786;King of Prussia, aggressive in foreign affairs. Used military to increase power. Encouraged religious tolerance and legal reform. partition (n.) something that divides (such as a wall); the act of dividing something into parts or sections; (v.) to divide or subdivide into parts or shares Peter the Great (1672-1725) Russian tsar (r. 1689-1725). He enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russian elite, moving the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg. St. Petersburg Built by Peter the Great of Russia to attract europeans and to get warm water ports. warm-water port port that is free of ice year round westernization adoption of western ideas, technology, and culture elector person appointed to vote in presidential elections for the major candidates mercenary hired soldier; a professional soldier hired by a foreign army; depopulation A reduction in population caused by natural or human-made forces. Peace of Westphalia the peace treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648 Maria Theresa This was the queen of Austria as a result of the Pragmatic Sanction. She limited the papacy's political influence in Austria, strengthened her central bureaucracy and cautiously reduced the power that nobles had over their serfs War of the Austrian Succession series of wars in which various European nations competed for power in Central Europe after the death of Hapsburg emperor Charles VI; This war was over the inheritance of the throne by Maria Theresa, for the Salic law prevented a woman from solely ruling the state Prussia a strong military state in central Europe that emerged in the late 1600s Frederick William I (1713-1740) Calvinist; his reforms were intended to subordinate both aristocracy and peasantry to the needs of the state + subordinate needs of the states to the demands of the military; integrated economic +military structures of state; appointed only German officers to command troops, eliminating mercenaries who sold their services to the highest bidder; placed noblemen at head of locally recruited regiments; every adult male required to register for service in regiment of local landlord; by end of reign, almost 70% of state expenditures went to army, pacific foreign policy what s the french bishop referring to in this passage the divine authority of king louis XIV which of the followng enlightenment principles from rousseau is evident in the us constitution separation of powers which monarch continued to allow serfs peter the great, Catherine the great which of these documents was the first to lay out specific rights and provide a limit on th monarchs power english bill of rights which is a characteristic of the us constitution separation of powers why was the bastille an important symbol to the french it represented the social injustice of the ancient regime how did frances social divisions in the late 1700s contribute to the french revolution members of the 3rd estate were dissatisfied with social and economic inequality how did france change under the national assembely france became a constitutional monarchy with which statement would enlightenment thinker john locke have agreed people have the right to overthrow a government that violates their rights which of the following was most responsible for napoleons rise to power his reputation as a military leader why was napoleon unable to successfully establish a french empire in europe most nations people resented the imposition of french culture which were effects of the napoleonic wars revolutionary governments were established in some conquered areas, the napoleonic code influenced legal systems in many countries how did the directorys actions ultimately lead to the rise of napoleon bonaparte the directory was weak and corrupt which of the following was most responsible for napoleons rise to emperor of france a series of military victories against austria how did france change under napoleons rule napoleon became frances absolute ruler which of the following were characteristics of the rights of french citizens under the napoleonic code men possessed civil rights, women did not need their husbands permission to make wills which causes did the american revolution and the french revolution share years of unwanted taxes, enlightenment ideals which effects did the american revolution and the french revolution share both called for reforms before the revolution occurred, both established republican goverments besides financial reform what else drove the 3rd estate to declare itself a national assembly the 3rd estate wanted political and social reform which type of gov did the constitution of 1791 est a limited monarchy which best describes the impact of the declaration of the rights of man and of the citizen it put into practice ideals of the enlightenment what negative effect did women suffer from in their attempts to gain the right to vote in france they were imprisoned and sometimes executed which of the following statements best explains the conditions that led to the reign of terror the committee of public safety had absolute power the popular slogan liberty, equality, fraternity, is an ex of the impact of which idea on the french revolution natural rights why was the storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789 an important event in the french revolution it challenged the kings authority the declaration of the rights of man and the citizen was modeled on which document the declaration of independence how did the US constitution impact the french revolution it was a model for the french constitution of 1791 why did the radical legislative assembly declare war on Austria and then Prussia in 1792 to spread the revolution and destroy other monarchies which type of government did the french est in 1795 a 5 man directorate with a 2 house elected legislature which of the following did olympe de gouges seek during the french revolution to include women in public offices why did colonists resent the new taxes imposed by parliament after 1763 bc the colonists did not have a say in parliament with which of the following statements would a framer of the US constitution disagree gov works best when it gives unlimited rights and freedoms to its people which of the following influenced the writing of the declaration of independence lockes idea of popular sovereignty how did the idea of natural rights influence the declaration of independence gov safeguards the natural rights of individuals which was a result of the treaty of paris the british recognized the independence of the united states which characterizes the form of government the constitution created for the united states power divided between the national government and the states which statement correctly describes the global impact of the american revolution it proved that a colonial revolt could produce a nation with an elected leader and an elected legislature which precedents did the US constitution establish for other goverments citizens have basic rights that government must safeguard, people cannot be forced to testify against themselves which of the following is an ex of the legislative branch checking the judicial branch in the US gov congress rejects a nominee to a federal court under the US constitution which responsibilities do noncitizens living in the united states have obeying laws, paying taxes Influence of the Enlightenment separation of powers, freedom of religion, limited powers of government, natural rights of citizens, social contract Treaty of Utrecht France gave Nova Scotia and Newfoundland to Britain Result of French and Indian War Britain gained all of French Canada as well as islands in the Caribbean Act of Union united England and Scotland into the United Kingdom of Great Britain Ireland and Wales added to Great Britain United Kingdom benefit Free trade between all lands created a larger market for farmers and manufacturers Navigation Acts passed by Parliament to regulate colonial trade and manufacturing July 4, 1776 the Second Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence Sugar Act of 1764 taxed imports of the colonists Stamp Act of 1765 increased colonists' taxes such as newspapers and pamphlets colonists reaction to taxes resented them as an attack on their rights No taxation without representation protest by the colonists Boston Massacre death of five protesters during a clash with British soldiers Boston Tea Party colonists hurled a cargo of recently arrived British tea into the harbor to protest a tax on tea Thomas Jefferson the main author of the Declaration of Independence natural law people have "certain inalienable rights, that among them are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." popular sovereignty the idea that all government power comes from the people Monarchy absolute rule by the king/queen, citizens have very little say in what the government does, no representation in government Declaration principles government needs the consent of the governed, citizens have natural rights, and government should serve the people and protect their rights Treaty of Paris ended the The American Revolution Loyalists those who supported Britain Articles of Confederation the first constitution of the US the US Constitution based on the separation of powers, an idea borrowed directly from Montesquieu Bill of Rights first ten amendments to the Constitution, protected basic rights including freedom of religion, speech, and the press federal republic power divided between the federal, or national, government and the states checks and balances To prevent any branch of government from becoming too powerful colonists vs British citizens most Americans considered themselves English citizens and, therefore, believed they should enjoy the same rights influence of Declaration of Independence and the US Constitution shown the world that a free people can govern themselves and that a stable government is one that protects the rights of citizens result of the English Civil War It provided a signal that no ruler could assert absolute power and ignore the law of Parliament Voltaire's contribution to the Enlightenment He criticized the government through his writings against slavery and in favor of free speech Rousseau's ideas believed in minimal government control Tudors monarchs who believed in divine right to rule but also recognized the value of good relations with Parliament Act of Supremacy approved by English Parliament making the monarch head of the Church of England century of revolution conflict between the Stuart monarchs and English Parliament James I - first Stuart monarch - instructed scholars to translate the Bible into English Cavaliers Supporters of Charles I during the English Civil War Roundheads supporters of Parliament during the English Civil War The Commonwealth The House of Commons abolished the monarchy and declared England a republic dissenters Protestants who differed with the Church of England Puritans a group of dissenters who sought to "purify" the English church of Catholic practices Petition of Right document prohibited the king from raising taxes without Parliament's consent or from jailing anyone without legal justification