Gender-Based Violence and Gender Inequality Issues

Gender-Based Violence and Gender Inequality Issues Learning Objectives 1. End discrimination against women 2. Eliminate violence against women and children 3. Eliminate harmful practices 4. Promote shared responsibility in the family 5. Full participation in the public sphere 6. Universal access to health production and reproductive rights What is Violence? According to the PKDRT Law No. 23/2003, domestic violence is any act against a person, especially women, which results in physical, sexual, psychological and or domestic neglect, including threats to commit acts, coercion, or unlawful deprivation of independence in the household. Type of Violence There are four types of domestic violence, as follows: 1. Physical Violence Physical violence is slapping, sticking, hitting, banging against objects, and so on up to forms of violence that threaten safety. 2. Emotional (Psychic) Violence Emotional (psychological) violence is hurtful words, yelling, insults, threats, and so on. 3. Economic Violence Economic violence includes prohibiting work, controlling the wife's income, not providing enough money for the family. 4. Sexual Violence Sexual violence such as rape, forced pregnancy, beatings or other forms of torture accompanying intimate relationships, pornography, humiliation of women's sexuality with verbal language. Forms of violence against women are interrelated (not single-dimensional). Prevalence of physical and/or sexual violence against women aged 15-64 years by partners and non-partners From the survey, there were about 9.4% of women who experienced sexual and physical violence in the past 12 months and 33.4% of women who experienced physical and sexual violence during their lifetime, divided into 9.1% of women experiencing physical violence, 15.3% experiencing sexual violence and 9% experiencing both physical and sexual violence. The same survey also found that the prevalence of physical and sexual violence perpetrated by partners was 18.3% during their lifetime, of which 7.7% was physical violence, 6.0% was sexual violence and 4.6% of women experienced physical and sexual violence by th partners during their lifetime. Meanwhile, the prevalence of physical and sexual violence by other partners was 23.7%, with 5.2% of women experiencing physical violence, 14.4% experiencing sexual violence and 4.1% experiencing physical and sexual violence by other partners. Situation of Violence Against Women in Indonesia In general, partner and non-partner violence in Indonesia decreased over the past year and over the course of a lifetime. When compared between 2016 and 2021, physical violence against women decreased by 0.2%; sexual violence decreased by 0.8%; and both physical and sexual violence decreased by 0.7%. Physical violence against women aged 15-64 years in Indonesia by their partners ha increased where in 2016 it was 0.018 while in 2021 it was 0.02. Physical and sexual violence against women aged 15-64 in Indonesia by their partners also increased, from 0.056 to 0.06. Female Genital Mutilation Percentage of women aged 15-64 years in Indonesia by knowledge of the term Female Circumcision and Experienced Circumcision are: 1) For Urban Areas: 0.726 have heard the term female circumcision and 0.515 have experienced circumcision; 2) For Urban. For Rural: 0.66 had heard of female circumcision and 0.499 had experienced circumcision; 3) For the total, 0.699 had heard of female circumcision and 0.508 had experienced circumcision for both urban and rural areas.