University:
American Career College
Course:
NURS115 | Intermediate Medical
Academic year:

2020
Views:

235

Pages:

8
Author:

Opfer8fg

PRINCIPLE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY EPIDEMICS AND OUTBREAK INVESTIGATION Objectives of Epidemiology 2 ¨ ¨ ¨ Recognize the changing patterns of community health Prevention Clinical practice changing patterns of causes of death (USA) 3 Prevention 4 TWO APPROACHES TO PREVENTION 5 ¨ population- based approach dietary advice for preventing coronary disease ¤ advice against smoking ¤ provided to an entire population using mass media ¤ must be relatively inexpensive and noninvasive. ¤ ¨ high-risk approach screening for cholesterol in children from high-risk families. ¤ more expensive and may be more invasive or inconvenient ¤ EDWARD JENNER AND SMALLPOX 6 ¨ ¨ in the late 18th century, 400,000 people died from smallpox each year and one-third of survivors were blinded Observation: ¤ ¤ ¨ ¨ dairy maid developed cowpox. During smallpox outbreaks, dairy maid didn’t develop smallpox first vaccination in 1796: cowpox material inoculated to a child. After 6 weeks, inoculated him with material from a smallpox pustule. The child did not contract the disease. The term “vaccination” is derived from vacca, the Latin word for “cow.” Smallpox eradicate 7 ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ In 1967 the World Health Organization (WHO) began international efforts to eradicate smallpox using vaccinations with vaccinia virus (cowpox). Until that time, smallpox afflicted 15 million people annually throughout the world, of whom 2 million died and millions of others were left blind or disfigured. In 1980 the WHO certified that smallpox had been eradicated. The smallpox eradication program is one of the greatest disease prevention achievements in human history. worldwide concern about potential bioterrorism exists Infectious Diseases and Social Change 9