Essential Networking Concepts SDN, WAN, Bandwidth, Protocols, and Communication Media Explained

Data Network Infrastructure ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● What emerging technology dynamically adjusts data flows at the organizational level to meet business and application needs by controlling how network traffic flows across network devices? ○ Software-defined networks (SDN) _____________ are generally provided by common carriers such as telephone companies and the international networks of global communications services providers. ○ Wide area networks (WANs) What data communications term is used to describe the transmission capacity of a network? ○ Bandwidth In a network communication architecture, what term is used to describe the rules of communication used to transmit a message? ○ Protocol In a network communication architecture, what term is used to describe the infrastructure used to transmit a message? ○ Medium The image shown below are what type of guided (wireline) media? ○ Twisted-pair Cable Which of the following types of wireline (or guided) media is considered to have the best (or at least good) security? ○ Fiber-optic cable The images shown below are what type of guided (wireline) media? ○ Fiber-optic cable Which of the following terms would NOT commonly be associated with digital transmissions? ○ Continuous As discussed in our Topic Overview discussion of Globalization, which of the following "laws" described the maximum data rate possible for a given medium and, thereby, encouraged the adoption of new digital technologies? ○ Shannon's Law ● Although they are not commonly used in most parts of the developed world today, ________ modems were used to convert information between analog and digital forms for transmission over the POTS telephone network. ○ ● Dial-up What type of guided (wireline) media consists of thousands of very thin filaments of glass fibers surrounded by cladding? ○ ● Fiber-optic cable What is the name of the interface that physically connects devices to the LAN's (local area network's) communications medium? ○ ● Network interface card (NIC) Court decisions requiring the Bell System Network to open its network to non-Bell equipment connect to and allowing MCI to provide long distance service in competition to AT&T are examples of what type of milestone in evolution of telecommunication service in the US? ○ ● Regulatory Controls In the network infrastructure video case Digital and Analog Signals, what is a significant problem for analog signals? ○ Noise or interference KC-34 ● Which of the following data communications computer ports is a multi-function, bus-oriented (up to 127 devices), high-speed (up to 600 MBps) serial interface? ○ USB Port ● For network infrastructures that transmit information using analog signals through a communication channel, what term is used measure the bandwidth? ○ Cycles per second (Hertz) ● Which of the following types of computer ports (mechanical network connectors) would NOT be considered a serial data communication interface? ○ LPT Port ● From a networking infrastructure perspective, which of the following descriptive terms would generally be associated with the transmission of digital data? ○ Bits per second ● When designing its computer network, a business that anticipates that it will have a large and growing network where the company will need to be able to and and remove PCs easily from the network is most likely to choose what network topology? ○ Star Topology ● POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) or basic, voice-grade analog telephone service has been historically most closely associated with what type of network infrastructure? ● ● ○ Twisted-pair Cabling\ When designing its computer network, a business that anticipates that it will have a large and growing network where the company will need to be able to and and remove PCs easily from the network is most likely to choose what network topology? ○ Star Topology More commonly found outside the United States, Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) data connections for residential subscribers typically offer users about what connection speed (bandwidth)? ○ ● ● ● ● 256 kbps (thousand bits per second) With respect to network infrastructures, what type of cabling generally has the fastest transmission rate and highest immunity to electrical noise? ○ Fiber Optic Cables For network infrastructures that transmit information using analog signals through a communication channel, what term is used measure the bandwidth? ○ Cycles per second (Hertz) According to the What is Cable vs. DSL vs. Fiber Internet? video case, which of the following "last mile" (to the home) wired data networking infrastructures requires you to share bandwidth with your neighbors? ○ Cable From the prespective of networking infrastrcutre, sound waves, such as the human voice, vary continuously over time and are considered what type of data? ○ Analog Data Networking Fundamentals ● ● ● ● ● What portion of the URL "https://eller.arizona.edu" would be considered as the top level domain that is managed at the highest level in the hierarchical Domain Name System of the Internet by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)? ○ edu Developed by the Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. Department of Defense., what project began in 1969 to test the feasibility of sharing data, exchange messages, and transfer files? ○ ARPANet What term is used to describe the connection (reference URL) to a document that is typically activated by clicking on a highlighted word or image on a webpage in a browser? ○ Hyperlink In the discussion of how Internet Bridges the Communications Gap Transparently, which of the following was NOT discussed as a capability of the end-user device? ○ DNS and Email Services What "tier" ISP (Internet Service Provider) is considered as the "last hop" network and is closest to the end systems in a network? ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ○ Tier-3 What term is used to describe the registry of names managed by ICANN that maps difficult to remember numeric IP addresses to a more human-oriented names? ○ Domain Name System (DNS) A(n) ________ is a company that provides Internet connections for a fee. ○ ISP (Internet Service Provider) Connecting approximately 1 million organizational computer networks in more than 200 countries on all continents, the Internet is what type of network? ○ WAN (Wide-Area Network) The internet's "network of networks" design is organized as what type of logical structure? ○ Hierarchical network design In the discussion of how Internet Bridges the Communications Gap Transparently, which of the following was NOT discussed as a capability of the end-user device? ○ DNS and Email Services What organization coordinates and manages the assignment of unique internet (IP) addresses throughout the world, working on behalf of an international "multistakeholder community" composed primarily of technology companies? ○ Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) What type of guided media is primary used by large telecommunications companies for the telecommunication lines that connect the Internet's primary (backbone) network nodes? ○ Fiber-optic cables What is the name of the public connection points where Tier-1 providers (e.g., UUNet, BBN/Genuity, Sprint, AT&T) interconnect their networks? ○ Network Access Points (NAPs) In the Internet Bridges the Communications Gap Transparently case study, what role does an ISP (Internet Service Provider) POP (Point of Presence) serve in the network? ○ Connects "Local Loop Carriers" to User Services KC-35 ● In the following diagram showing the transmission of packets P1 to P6 from New York to Los Angeles, which of the following packets would be routed through the switching center in Dallas? ○ P2 ● When analyzing a packet switched communications network route, what does the term "hop count" indicate? ○ The number of times a packet is sent (i.e., number of segments in the route) ● In the URL "http://www.arizona.edu/index.html", which of the following defines the "top level domain"? ○ edu ● The IP (Internet Protocol) communications layer directly interfaces with all of the following except: ○ ● HTTP layer In a circuit switched network, which of the following terms describes when a telephone call cannot be made due to the needed resources (e.g. communication links) being unavailable while assigned to another subscriber's call? ○ ● ○ ● Blocked "HTTP" (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) defines what? Method used to send (transmit) the website from the server to the client browser What communication code was developed in 1835 to send messages digitally over a new communications infrastructure? ○ ● Morse Code Also known as an "end office", in the PSTN (Public Switeched Telephone Network), what term is used to describe one of the 19.000 telephone company US switching centers? ○ Exchanges Teach Day: Multi-Dimensional Analysis KC-36 ● ● Which of the following data protection principles enshrined in the Eurpoean Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) should be considered when your analysis include fields whose data was not originally collected to be part of your analysis, such as the example in class where we included information about whether a student lived in a reidence hall when analyzing exam grades? ○ Purpose Limitation Pivot tables allow data to be easily grouped and analyzed by their values, such residence hall or major. Which of the following data mining methods would use a similar approach? ○ ● Classification What term is used to descript a set of functionalities that facilitate multi-dimensional data analysis for faster, more informed decision making? ○ ● On-Line Analytical Processing The comparison (analysis) fields, such as the "grade" field used in our in-class discussion of pivot tables, would be displayed in which section of an Excel PivotTable control panel, as shown below: ○ ● Values How is the hierarchical order of pivot fields displayed in a pivot table (i.e., major vs. standing as when in the following sample pivot table) determined? ○ ● By the order of field names in the "Rows" section What metadata from your orignal worksheet data is used to identify the Pivot Table Fields? ○ ● Column headings (Header row) In an Excel PivotTable, which of the following data management functions is equivalent to adding a "slicer" to a data set? ○ ● Filtering (selecting) specific values When adding a pivot table comparison (analysis) field, where would you define the calculation (e.g., SUM, AVERAGE, COUNT, etc.) to be used when displaying the value for a group of data? ○ ● Using the "Value Field Setting" in the Values area pulldown menu According to the What is a Pivot Table? video case, Excel PivotTables can perform all of the following data processing functions on information found in the original worksheet EXCEPT: ○ ● Find and correct invalid data values When analyzing information using a data cube, what term is used to describe the process of combining (summing) all data for one dimension of a data cube into a single value, such as adding quarterly sales amounts into the total sales for a year? ○ ● ● Projection When adding a pivot table comparison (analysis) field, where would you define the calculation (e.g., SUM, AVERAGE, COUNT, etc.) to be used when displaying the value for a group of data? ○ Using the "Value Field Setting" in the Values area pulldown menu According to the What is a Pivot Table? video case, Excel PivotTables can perform all of the following data processing functions on information found in the original worksheet EXCEPT: ○ ● ● Find and correct invalid data values In an Excel PivotTable, which of the following data management functions is equivalent to adding a "slicer" to a data set? ○ Filtering (selecting) specific values Which of the following data protection principles enshrined in the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) should be considered when your analysis include fields whose data was not originally collected to be part of your analysis, such as the example in class where we included information about whether a student lived in a residence hall when analyzing exam grades? ○ Purpose Limitation ● The comparison (analysis) fields, such as the "grade" field used in our in-class discussion of pivot tables, would be displayed in which section of an Excel PivotTable control panel, as shown below: ○ Values ● Wireless Communication Technologies PAR-24 ● ● ● ● ● ● Which of the following carriers is NOT commonly associated with transmission of information using unguided (wireless) media? ○ Electric voltage (direct or alternating current) Which type of signal multiplexing offers each user lower bandwidth, but is always on (continuously available), as shown in the example below for FM radio signals? ○ Frequency-division Multiplexing What term is used to describe when people make money by faking human engagement with online content such as advertisements and programs from companies such as Netflix where individuals are paid to watch or interact with the content? ○ Phone Farm ________ is a short-range wireless network used for communication among computer devices (e.g., telephones, personal digital assistants, smartphones) located close to one person. ○ Bluetooth What term is used to describe used to describe a device that detects wireless networks and provides information on them? ○ Rogue access point Which of the following terms describes the marketing strategy where content providers pay that audience to watch or interact with a company's advertisements or other online content? ○ Incentivized traffic ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Since ________ satellites move relative to a point on the Earth, a moderate number is needed for global coverage. ○ MEO (mid-earth orbit) Which of the following space-based satellite systems is NOT primarily intended to provide global positioning services? ○ Iceye Oy As discussed in the AlohaNet - Norm Abramson video case, the AlohaNet's was intended to be alternative to what other communication network for computer communication? ○ Telephone system Which of the following business opportunities was enabled by the evolution of cellular communication technologies (i.e., 3G, 4G, and 5G networks) allowing cellular network providers to have higher density networks? ○ Increased customers As discussed in the AlohaNet - Norm Abramson video case, the AlohaNet's was intended to be alternative to what other communication network for computer communication? ○ Telephone system As heard in the Cell Phone History video case, who was the inventor of the cell phone that said "For the first time, you were calling a person, not a place"? ○ Martin Cooper ________ occurs when one physical device, such as a smartphone, provides the functions that previously required many physical devices, such as GPS navigators, flashlights, medical devices, credit cards, texting, and cellular phones. ○ Dematerialization Which of the following terms describes the marketing strategy where content providers pay that audience to watch or interact with a company's advertisements or other online content? ○ Incentivized traffic ________ is a small, portable wireless device that provides users with a permanent Wi-Fi hotspot wherever they go. ○ MiFi Which of the following business opportunities was enabled by the evolution of cellular communication technologies (i.e., 3G, 4G, and 5G networks) allowing cellular network providers to have higher density networks? ○ Increased customers ● ● ● ● ● ● Which type of signal multiplexing offers each user full bandwidth, but is only periodically on (shared availability), as shown in the example below for circuit utilization? ○ Time-division Multiplexing Although not based on Wi-Fi technology, what term was coined by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to describe a a wireless network proposal that creates long-distance wireless internet connections using the lower-frequency " white spaces" between broadcast TV channels? ○ Super Wi-Fi What term is used to describe used to describe a device that detects wireless networks and provides information on them? ○ Rogue access point ________ is the smallest short-range wireless network that is designed to be embedded in mobile devices such as cell phones and credit cards as a payment system, such as mobile wallets. ○ NFC (Near Field Communication) ________ is an unauthorized access point into a wireless network. ○ A rogue access point In comparison to other wireless media channels, ________ transmission systems experience significantly greater propagation delay. ○ Satellite ● KC-37 ● Which of the following applications would be most commonly associated with short range systems (up to 1 meter) that are commonly in the vicinity of metals and liquids? ○ Animal identification Systems ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● Which of the following NFC (Near Field Communication) communication modes allows your phone to act like an "interactive card" for payment, transportation, identification, and physical access? ○ Card emulation mode Which of the following business applications would typically NOT be something that commonly associated with NFC (Near Field Communication) technology? ○ Connected vehicles, such as Qualcomm's V2X (Vehicle to Everything) Which of the following frequency ranges is most commonly associated with long range applications requiring large data transfers? ○ Micro-wave (2.45GHz) What type of network is most commonly associated with Bluetooth technology? ○ Piconet or PAN (Personal Area Network) As envisioned by the US Department of Transportation's roadmap for connected vehicles, DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communications) wireless communication technology will be used to link all of the following sources to a connected vehicle EXCEPT: ○ Satellite Radio Which of the following business applications would typically NOT be something that commonly associated with NFC (Near Field Communication) technology? ○ Connected vehicles, such as Qualcomm's V2X (Vehicle to Everything) Tracking, traceability, authentication, and control are all associated with what type of benefit provided by RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tracking? ○ Operational Which of the following applications would be most commonly associated with short range systems (up to 1 meter) that are commonly in the vicinity of metals and liquids? ○ Animal identification Systems What type of network is most commonly associated with Bluetooth technology? ○ Piconet or PAN (Personal Area Network) Which of the following wireless technologies only supports one-way directional communication? ○ RFID What wireless technology's name is connected to Harald Blaatand, who was the King of Denmark from 940-981 and was famous for uniting Scandinavia (Denmark and Norway)? ○ Bluetooth What is the typical maximum operating range of Near-Field Communication (NFC) wireless devices, which adds to the security of applicaitons such as point-of-sale payments? ○ 10 centimeters Website Hosting Fundamentals PAR-25 ● ● ● What type of cryptography was launched in 1976 by Bailey Whitfield, Diffie, Martin Hellman and Ralph Merkle that facilitated encrypted communications without the need for advance delivery of keys? ○ Public-key cryptography What weakness of the Mary Queen of Scots nomenclature cipher led to Mary being found guilty of treason and executed at Fotheringay Castle for plotting the assassination of Queen Elizabeth I of England? ○ Limited number of shift numbers for encryption Ciphers, such as the Enigma machine, that rearrange the sequence of characters based on a fixed rule are known as ______________. ○ ● ● ● Substitution ciphers Which of the following security goals addresses issues such as access control, verification, and repudiation? ○ Authentication In a hybrid encryption system, how does the transmitter of the message exchange the secret symmetric cipher with the receiver? ○ Using a public/private key message Also known as a private key cipher, what term is used to describe the encryption where the same key is used to encrypt the document before sending and to decrypt it once it is received? ○ ● Symmetric Using the Caesar Cipher shown below (with a shift key of 19), the PLAIN TEXT message of "PAR" would decode to what "cipher text" message? ○ ● Itk Which of the following ciphers have a known weakness that allows messages to be decrypted using a frequency analysis to guess pre-encrypted letters based on how often they appear in the language? ○ ● Substitution ciphers Which of the following ciphers was developed in 1973 by the United States Commerce Department's National Bureau of Standards (NBS), and offered a cost-effective and practical way for businesses to encrypt and decrypt sensitive information using symmetric-key cryptography? ○ ● DES Cipher Which of the following ciphers was developed in Rome during the first century BCE and worked by substituting each letter in the original message for another letter located in a fixed number of positions down the alphabet, which was only known by the sender and receiver? ○ ● Caesar cipher Ciphers, such as the Syctale cipher, that just change the order of the letters are know as ______________. ○ ● Transposition ciphers What type of cryptography was launched in 1976 by Bailey Whitfield, Diffie, Martin Hellman and Ralph Merkle that facilitated encrypted communications without the need for advance delivery of keys? ○ ● Public-key cryptography Ciphers, such as the Enigma machine, that rearrange the sequence of characters based on a fixed rule are known as ______________. ○ ● Substitution ciphers Using the Caesar Cipher shown below (with a shift key of 19), the "cipher text" messages of "fbl" would decode to what PLAIN TEXT message? ○ ● MIS Which of the following symmetric key algorithms has proven to be amazingly difficult to crack and had been considered as the "official" encryption standard in the United States since 2002? ○ ● Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) According to the Navajo Code Talkers video case, what Navajo word was used to represent a surveillance (or fighter) airplane? ○ ● Humming Bird Which of the following is a protocol for secure communications between web server and client that is characterized by issuance of an electronic certificate that explicitly verifies the identity of the server (web server, mail server)? ○ TLS/SSL (Transport Layer Security and Secure Sockets Layer) ● Which of the following is a polyalphabetic substitution cipher that encrypts each character of a plaintext message individually based on a secret key word that is used as an index into a conversion grid? ○ ● Vigenere Cipher Signal and Telegram are what type of security applications? ○ Secure Messaging Applications ● KC-38 ● If your personal UArizona email address is "wwildcat@email.arizona.edu", which of the following would be the exact URL that you should used when accessing your personal U-System URL website address for the EC Hosting project? ● In the URL "http://www.u.arizona.edu/~wtn", what part of the URL defines the hosting server? ○ u.arizona.edu ● When connecting to the U-System (u.arizona.edu) server for the first time, WinSCP displays the warning message "the server's host key was not found in the cache," as shown below. This warning is related to what aspect of creating a channel for secure data transmission? ○ ● Defining the the U-System server as a trusted endpoint for tunneling On the U-System (u.arizona.edu) hosting server, ___(a)___ is the directory that contains the ___(b)___ website file. Note the differentiated use of "." (period) and "_" (underscore) in the answer choice names. ○ ● (a) public_html, (b) index.html According to Wikipedia, what term is used to describe a graphic image (icon) associated with a particular Web page and/or Web site and can serve as a visual reminder of the Web site identity in the address bar or in tabs? ○ ● Icons or Favicons The EC Hosting process of downloading a file from D2L to your local computer, modifying the file as required by the assignment, and then uploading the file to the U-System (u.arizona.edu) website hosting server is similar to what other process that we discussed earlier in the semester? ○ ● ETL (Extract-Transform-Load) Which of the following is the full filename that should be used for your EC Hosting assignment in the public_html directory on the u.arizona.edu (U-System) server? ○ ● index.html (all lower case characters) Which of the following web hosting services is acceptable for the EC Hosting assignment? ○ ● U-System (UArizona's Web Hosting Service) As shown below, what "Host name" should be used with WinSCP (or equivalent field for CyberDuck) to connect to the UArizona personal web hosting server? ○ ● u.arizona.edu What is the correct "port" number that should be used with the WinSCP or CyberDuck secure file transfer program? ○ ● 22 If your personal UArizona email address is "wwildcat@email.arizona.edu", which of the following would be the exact URL that you should used when accessing your personal U-System URL website address for the EC Hosting project? ● Which of the following web hosting services is acceptable for the EC Hosting assignment? ○ ● U-System (UArizona's Web Hosting Service) Which of the following is the full filename that should be used for your EC Hosting assignment in the public_html directory on the u.arizona.edu (U-System) server? ○ ● index.html (all lower case characters) In the URL "http://www.u.arizona.edu/~wtn", what part of the URL defines the hosting server? ○ ● U.arizona.edu According to Wikipedia, what term is used to describe a graphic image (icon) associated with a particular Web page and/or Web site and can serve as a visual reminder of the Web site identity in the address bar or in tabs? ○ Icons or Favicons