University:
Amherst College
Course:
PHYS 117 | Introductory Physics II: Electromagnetism and Optics
Academic year:

2022
Views:

263

Pages:

8
Author:

Kaden Barajas

Maxwell’s Equations – The Fundamental Laws of Electromagnetism • Gauss’ Law – The total electric flux through a closed surface is proportional to the charge enclosed:   Qencl ˆ EndA  0 • Gauss’ Law for Magnetism – The total magnetic flux through a closed surface is zero. – There are no magnetic charges.   Bnˆ dA  0 Maxwell’s Equations – The Fundamental Laws of Electromagnetism • Ampere’s Law (valid for constant currents)   – The integral of B  dl is proportional to the current piercing a surface bounded by the curve. – This Law will need generalization to the case of non-constant currents (in a few weeks). Solenoid Figure 28.15b Figure 28.16 Maxwell’s Equations – The Fundamental Laws of Electromagnetism • Faraday’s Law – When the magnetic flux through some loop (C) changes, it induces an emf around the loop proportional to the rate at which the flux changes. – If loop has N turns, the emf is N times larger. – Lenz’ Law: the sign of the emf is such that an induced current opposes the change in flux.  dB d   N  N Bnˆ dA dt dt  Ways in which magnetic flux can change: • • • • • Magnitude of Field (|B|) ˆ) Direction of Field (B Orientation of Loop (nˆ ) Area of loop (A) Any combination of the above. Faraday’s Law and Motional emf • Motional emf: Faraday’s Law and Motional emf • Faraday’s Law:

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