Answer Key Chapter Growing Pains The New Republic, 1790–1820

Answer Key Chapter: Growing Pains: The New Republic, 1790–1820 1. Which of the following is not one of the rights the Bill of Rights guarantees? a. the right to freedom of speech b. the right to an education c. the right to bear arms d. the right to a trial by jury 2. Which of Alexander Hamilton’s financial policies and programs seemed to benefit speculators at the expense of poor soldiers? a. the creation of a national bank b. the public credit plan c. the tax on whiskey d. the “Report on Manufactures” 3. What were the fundamental differences between the Federalist and Democratic-Republican visions? 4. Which of the following was not true of Jay’s Treaty of 1794? a. It gave the United States land rights in the West Indies. b. It gave American ships the right to trade in the West Indies. c. It hardened differences between the political parties of the United States. d. It stipulated that U.S. citizens would repay their debts from the Revolutionary War. 5. What was the primary complaint of the rebels in the Whiskey Rebellion? a. the ban on alcohol b. the lack of political representation for farmers c. the need to fight Native Americans for more land d. the tax on whiskey and rum 6. How did the French Revolution in the early 1790s influence the evolution of the American political system? 7. What was the primary issue of Adams’s presidency? a. war with Spain b. relations with the native population c. infighting within the Federalist Party d. relations with France 8. Which of the following events is not an example of partisan acrimony? a. the jailing of Matthew Lyon b. the XYZ affair c. the Marbury v. Madison case d. the Hamilton-Burr duel 9. What was the importance of the Louisiana Purchase? a. It gave the United States control of the port of New Orleans for trade. b. It opened up the possibility of quick trade routes to Asia. c. It gave the United States political leverage against the Spanish. d. It provided Napoleon with an impetus to restore France’s empire. 10. How did U.S. relations with France influence events at the end of the eighteenth century? 11. Why do historians refer to the election of Thomas Jefferson as the Revolution of 1800? 12. What prompted the Embargo of 1807? a. British soldiers burned the U.S. capitol. b. The British supplied arms to Native fighters. c. The British navy captured American ships on the high seas and impressed their sailors into service for the British. d. The British hadn’t abandoned their posts in the Northwest Territory as required by Jay’s Treaty. 13. What event inspired “The Star-Spangled Banner”? a. Betsy Ross sewing the first American flag raised during a time of war b. the British bombardment of Baltimore c. the British burning of Washington, DC d. the naval battle between the Leopard and the Chesapeake Critical Thinking Questions 14. Describe Alexander Hamilton’s plans to address the nation’s financial woes. Which aspects proved most controversial, and why? What elements of the foundation Hamilton laid can still be found in the system today? 15. Describe the growth of the first party system in the United States. How did these parties come to develop? How did they define themselves, both independently and in opposition to one another? Where did they find themselves in agreement? 16. What led to the passage of the Alien and Sedition Acts? What made them so controversial? 17. What was the most significant impact of the War of 1812? 18. In what ways did the events of this era pose challenges to the U.S. Constitution? What constitutional issues were raised, and how were they addressed? Answer Key 1. b. the right to an education 2. b. the public credit plan 3. The Federalists advocated for a strong central government, a national bank, and close ties with Britain, while the Democratic-Republicans favored states' rights, agrarianism, and closer relations with France. 4. a. It gave the United States land rights in the West Indies. 5. d. the tax on whiskey and rum 6. The French Revolution influenced the evolution of the American political system by dividing American opinion, with Federalists supporting Britain and Democratic-Republicans sympathizing with revolutionary France. 7. d. relations with France 8. c. the Marbury v. Madison case 9. a. It gave the United States control of the port of New Orleans for trade. 10. U.S. relations with France influenced events at the end of the eighteenth century through conflicts such as the XYZ Affair and the Quasi-War, which strained diplomatic relations and led to the Convention of 1800, resolving issues between the two nations. 11. Historians refer to the election of Thomas Jefferson as the Revolution of 1800 because it marked the peaceful transition of power from the Federalists to the Democratic-Republicans, signifying a shift in political ideology and governing principles. 12. c. The British navy captured American ships on the high seas and impressed their sailors into service for the British. 13. b. the British bombardment of Baltimore Critical Thinking Questions 14. Alexander Hamilton's plans to address the nation's financial woes included establishing a national bank, assuming state debts, and implementing a system of tariffs and excise taxes. The most controversial aspect was his proposal for assumption, which led to debates over states' rights and centralization of power. Elements of Hamilton's financial system, such as the national bank and the concept of public credit, still influence the modern financial system. 15. The growth of the first party system in the United States occurred as a result of differing views on key issues such as the role of government, economic policy, and foreign relations. The Federalists and Democratic-Republicans defined themselves based on these issues, with the Federalists favoring a strong central government and close ties with Britain, while the Democratic-Republicans advocated for states' rights and closer relations with France. They found themselves in agreement on issues such as territorial expansion and westward expansion. 16. The Alien and Sedition Acts were passed in response to fears of foreign influence and political dissent during a time of international tension. They were controversial because they restricted civil liberties, particularly freedom of speech and the press, and were seen as a threat to democracy and individual rights. 17. The most significant impact of the War of 1812 was the confirmation of American independence and sovereignty, as well as the emergence of a sense of national identity. Additionally, it led to increased nationalism and economic growth in the United States. 18. The events of this era posed challenges to the U.S. Constitution, particularly regarding issues of states' rights, federal power, and civil liberties. The Alien and Sedition Acts raised questions about the limits of federal authority, while the War of 1812 tested the Constitution's provisions regarding war powers and national defense. These challenges were addressed through debates, court rulings, and amendments, such as the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions and the Bill of Rights.