University:
Augusta University
Course:
BIOL 1108 | Principles Of Biology II
Academic year:

2025
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92

Pages:

2
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customer-8232939

Gene cloning manipulation of DNA to produce many copies of a desired gene sequence the cloned gene is transferred to a host organism the host organism then makes multiple copies more readily available for research and others Procedure: fragment of DNA, containing the gene to be cloned, is cut by enzymes & inserted into a circular DNA molecule (vector) "recombinant DNA molecule" the vector transports the gene into a host cell (bacteria) within the host cell the vector multiplies producing numerous identical copies not only of itself but also of the1 gene that it carries the vector must be cut with the same enzyme so that it can be easily bind to the DNA of interest Therapeutic cloning process of producing genetically identical cells which can then treat various diseases the cloned cell is used to grow new tissues or organs Reproductive cloning process of producing genetically identical organism method not really successful e.g. 1-6% cloned organisms are born from those that are born only a small percentage of them scientist explore possibilities to restore endangered species Therapeutic cloning & stem cells Stem cells: undifferentiated cells that can reproduce indefinitely & differentiate into specialized cells totipotent stem cells: give rise to any type of cell pluripotent stem cells: can produce only certain types of cells Biotechnological Technologies: Transgenic Organisms organisms whose genetic material contains DNA from various species genetically modified organisms foreign DNA must be inserted into the organism in order for this to take place plants are modified to increase resistance to insects, pests or viruses or herbicides transgenic animals are used to produce medical protein

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