Chromosome Disorders | Answer Key

University:
High School
Course:
High School Biology
Academic year:

2025
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0

Pages:

1
Author:

Adam Al

SBI3C Chromosome Disorders Chromosome disorders result from abnormalities in chromosome number or structure, leading to significant physiological and developmental consequences Disorder Abnormality Seen on the Karyotype Symptoms Down Syndrome Presence of an extra chromosome 21 (47,XX,+21 or 47,XY,+21) Intellectual disability, characteristic facial features (flat nasal bridge, upward slanting eyes), hypotonia (low muscle tone), congenital heart defects, increased risk of leukemia and Alzheimer’s disease. Turner’s Syndrome Monosomy X (45,X) – missing one X chromosome in females Short stature, webbed neck, underdeveloped ovaries (leading to infertility), heart defects, and lymphedema (swelling in hands and feet). Patau Syndrome Presence of an extra chromosome 13 (47,XX,+13 or 47,XY,+13) Severe intellectual disability, congenital heart defects, cleft lip/palate, polydactyly (extra fingers or toes), and microcephaly (abnormally small head). High infant mortality rate. Triple X Syndrome Extra X chromosome in females (47,XXX) Often asymptomatic; mild developmental delays, learning disabilities, taller than average stature, and possible fertility issues. Super Male Syndrome Extra Y chromosome in males (47,XYY) Taller than average height, mild learning disabilities, increased risk of behavioral issues such as impulsivity and ADHD, but normal fertility. Kleinfelter Syndrome Extra X chromosome in males (47,XXY) Reduced testosterone levels, breast development (gynecomastia), small testes, infertility, taller stature, and learning difficulties.