Psychology Chapter 12 - Stress, Coping, Adaptation, and Health Behavior

Chapter 12: Stress, Coping, Adaptation, and Health Behavior Multiple Choice Questions 1. An individual’s judgment about the significance of an event as stressful, positive, or controllable describes: a. The life course perspective b. Primary appraisal c. Secondary appraisal d. Optimism e. Resilience 2. ______________________ coping strategies are most adaptive for stressors that are unchangeable. a. Emotion-focused b. Problem-focused c. Allostatic load d. Cognitive avoidance e. Distancing 3. Adults who experienced multiple chronic stressors during childhood are more likely to experience poor health and engage in detrimental health behaviors as adults compared to adults who did not experience chronic stressors during childhood. What term describes this example? a. The life course perspective b. Primary appraisal c. Benefit finding d. Information seeking e. Social support 4. An individual who perceives his or her job as stressful begins looking for a new, less stressful job. This person is engaging in: a. Emotional regulation b. Disengaging coping c. Problem management d. Optimism e. Secondary appraisal 5. Which a. b. c. d. e. statement about coping styles is FALSE? They are considered to be enduring traits They may moderate the impact of stress on coping processes They may moderate the impact of stress on coping outcomes They may have direct effects on the outcomes of stressful situations Examples include emotional and functional well-being 6. According to the John Henryism hypothesis: a. Highly active coping coupled with severe constraints can worsen health b. Highly active coping coupled with severe constraints can improve health c. Disengaging coping styles are beneficial when exposed to a stressful event d. Acute stressors coupled with severe constraints are more harmful than chronic stressors e. There is no relationship between coping style and environmental constraints 7. In an observational study of middle-aged and older adults, who were raised in low SES homes, people who employed a(n) ______________________ coping style were found to have a lower allostatic load. a. Optimism b. Benefit findings c. Information seeking d. Shift and persist e. Denial 8. The Prenatal and Infancy Nurse Home Partnership Program utilized all of the following EXCEPT: a. Nurse visits to teach coping skills to mothers b. Pre- and post-natal intervention c. Racism and discrimination support groups d. Provision of education e. A social ecological and life course perspective 9. Historical studies on stress and coping revealed all of the following EXCEPT: a. Chronic stressors can be more detrimental to health than acute stressors b. Adverse experiences during childhood are associated with poor health outcomes and behaviors during adulthood c. It is possible to quantify stressors and life events using standardized scales d. Individuals may appraise identical stressful events differently e. Longitudinal studies are not adequate for researching the relationship between stress, coping, and health 10. The model that includes stress appraisal followed by coping efforts and coping outcomes is called: a. The Transactional Model of Stress and Coping b. John Henryism c. Health Belief Model d. Social Support e. Stages of Change True/False Questions 1. Some stress exposures, including death or divorce, are consistently harmful to health, regardless of an individual’s perception of the stressor. a. True b. False 2. Prolonged exposure to cortisol has been found to strengthen the immune system and improve bone density. a. True b. False 3. Disengaging coping strategies include distancing, cognitive avoidance, and denial. a. True b. False 4. Research has found no psychological benefits related to spirituality. a. True b. False 5. The stress-buffering hypothesis predicts that social support has stronger positive effects on well-being when the stressor is not present or improves. a. True b. False 6. Racism can have both direct and indirect effects on health. a. True b. False 7. Acute stress always leads to enhanced health, while chronic stress is always damaging to health. a. True b. False 8. Negative social support can promote worse health outcomes and influence negative health behaviors. a. True b. False 9. The Ways of Coping Inventory is one way to measure biomarkers related to stress. a. True b. False 10. The Prenatal and Infancy Nurse Home Partnership Program had a positive impact on reducing child maltreatment and child injuries. a. True b. False Essay Questions 1. Describe how the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping can be used to explain and evaluate processes of coping among an intravenous drug users at risk of contracting Hepatitis C. Make sure to discuss the concepts of primary and secondary appraisal, coping efforts, and coping outcomes. 2. Coping outcomes can influence health through three main categories. What are these three categories? Provide an example of each category. Multiple Choice Answer Key 1. b 2. a 3. a 4. c 5. e 6. a 7. d 8. c 9. e 10. a True/False Answer Key 1. b 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. b 6. a 7. b 8. a 9. b 10. a