Levels Of Processing Model And Related Memory Concepts

University:
California State University, Northridge
Course:
PSY 150 | Introduction to Psychology
Academic year:

2023
Views:

105

Pages:

1
Author:

JJIssac

LEVELS OF PROCESSING MODEL AND RELATED MEMORY CONCEPTS Levels of Processing Model The levels of processing modelproposed by Craik and Lockhart statesthat memory depends on depth ofencoding, with deeper levels producingbetter retention than shallow levels.Key principles: Depth of processing dependson the nature of the encodingtask. Shallow/perceptual processingfocuses on physical traits likefont or appearance. Poorerretention. Intermediate/phonemicprocessing focuses on soundsand rhymes. Better than shallowprocessing. Deep/semantic processing focuses on meaning. Bestretention due to distinctivenessand elaboration. Self-referential processing is anespecially deep encodingstrategy that improves recall. Matching retrieval cues toencoding operations aidsmemory through encoding specificity. Research Evidence Semantic/meaningfulprocessing improves recall overshallow/structural processing. Self-referential processing enhances recall more than othersemantic encoding. Encoding specificity showsretrieval is better when contextmatches encoding context. Deep processing advantagesdepend on matching deepretrieval cues. Caveats Encoding specificity canoverride depth of processingwhen retrieval emphasizesshallow features. Physical context may be lessimportant than mental/cognitivecontext in encoding specificity. The model focuses on encodingbut retrieval processes are alsocritical. Overall, deep semantic encodingyields robust memory retention,especially for meaningful materials andwhen matched by semantic retrievalprocesses. But retention ultimatelydepends on interactions betweenencoding and retrieval conditions.