The Key Principles Of Perception

University:
California State University, Northridge
Course:
PSY 150 | Introduction to Psychology
Academic year:

2023
Views:

201

Pages:

1
Author:

JJIssac

THE KEY PRINCIPLES OF PERCEPTION  Accommodation - Changes in lens thickness inform distance. Monocular cues with one eye: Gestalt Principles Organization of Perceptual Gestalt psychology proposed that we perceive meaningful wholes rather than just individual elements. Key principles of perceptual organization include:  Relative size - Farther objects project smaller retinal images.  Overlapping - Objects blocking others appear closer.  Linear perspective - Parallel lines converging indicate distance.  Proximity - Elements close together are grouped together.  Aerial perspective - Haze makes far objects look blurred.  Similarity - Similar elements are grouped together.   Continuity - Elements that form continuous patterns are grouped. Light/shadows -Highlight/shadow patterns provide 3D information.  Texture gradient - Increasing texture density indicates farther distance.    Closure - We fill perceive coherent objects. gaps to complete Figure-ground Smaller, enclosed, symmetrical areas tend to be seen as figures against larger, surrounding areas. Isomorphism - Psychological experiences correspond to brain processes. Perceptual Constancies We perceive object properties as constant despite changing sensory inputs:  Size constancy - Object size remains constant despite changing retinal image size.  Shape constancy - Shape perceived as unchanging despite retinal image shifts.  Brightness constancy Brightness stays constant despite illumination changes. Depth Perception Cues Binocular cues to depth requiring both eyes:  Retinal disparity - Slightly different images in each eye indicate object distance based on degree of disparity.  Convergence - Inward eye movement for near objects provides distance information. Constancies allow object perception to remain stable despite sensory fluctuations enabling object recognition across changing viewing situations.