University:
Boston University
Course:
CAS CS 320 | Concepts of Programming Languages
Academic year:

2020
Views:

40

Pages:

16
Author:

Trevon Bernard

INTRODUCTION TO MATLAB  It is developed by The Mathworks, Inc. (http://www.mathworks.com)  It is an interactive, integrated, environment • for numerical/symbolic, scientific computations and other apps. • shorter program development and debugging time than traditional • • • • programming languages such as FORTRAN and C. slow (compared with FORTRAN or C) because it is interpreted. automatic memory management; no need to declare arrays. intuitive, easy to use. compact notations.  Latest version is MATLAB 2013a  For Windows: double click MATLAB icon  For Linux clusters: katana% matlab or scc1% matlab  Either case spawns a MATLAB window with >> prompt. >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >>  Variables  case sensitive, NAME and Name are 2 distinct names. • variable begins with a , A2z or a2z vector_A) • can be a mix of letters, digits, and underscores ( • reserved characters: % = + – ~ ; : ! [] () , @ # $& ^ • up to 63 characters • Functions/scripts • performs specific tasks; same naming rules as for variables  File names command files should be named with a suffix of ".m", . An m-file typically contains a sequence of MATLAB commands that will be executed in order • A file may contain a collection of commands, functions • >> , • Some characters are • • • • • by for various purposes. Some as arithmetic or matrix operators: =, +, , *, / , \ and others are used to perform a multitude of operations. Reserved characters cannot be used in variable or function names. >> >> >> a= 3 >> >> >> >> >> d= 6 • >> x= 1 3 5 7 • >> y= 3 4 5 1 4 2 5 3 6 • >> X= • >> ans = 6 9 >> >> >> x= 1 2 3 >> ans = 2 >> ans = 6 3 • >> Volume in drive C has no label. Volume Serial Number is 6860-EA46 Directory of C:\Program Files\MATLAB704\work 01/31/2007 10:56 AM . 01/31/2007 10:56 AM .. 06/13/2006 12:09 PM 12 foo.exe 06/13/2006 08:57 AM 77 mkcopy.m • >> total 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 kadin scv 0 Jan 19 15:53 file1.m -rw-r--r-- 1 kadin scv 0 Jan 19 15:53 file2.m -rw-r--r-- 1 kadin scv 0 Jan 19 15:53 file3.m >> >> >> >> 5 7 9 >> A= 1 4 2 5 3 6 >> B= 1 4 2 5 3 6 Other ways to create B ? (hint: with and ) >> C= 14 32 32 77 1 16 4 25 >> D= 9 36 >> E= 1 1 1 1 1 1 >> Your variables are: A B C D E a b d >> Name A B C D E a b c >> >> Name A >> Size 2x3 3x2 2x2 2x3 2x3 1x3 1x3 1x3 Size 2x3 Bytes 48 48 32 48 48 24 24 24 Class double double double double double double double double Bytes Class 24 single Attributes Utilities to initialize or define arrays: Trigonometric and hyperbolic functions : These utilities can be used on scalar or vector inputs >> Scalar operation . . . for j=1:3 % columns for i=1:3 % rows a(i,j) = rand; % a(i,j) = random number b(i,j) = 0; % b(i,j) = 0 unless . . . if a(i,j) > 0.5 b(i,j) = 1; end end end Equivalent vector operations . . . A = rand(3); % A is a 3x3 random number double array B = zeros(3); % Initialize B as a 3x3 array of zeroes B(A > 0.5) = 1; % set to 1 all elements of B for which A > 0.5 A cell array is a special array of arrays. Each element of the cell array may point to a scalar, an array, or another cell array. >> >> >> >> C= [2x2 double] [2x1 double] >> ans = 1 3 4 2 >> Related utilities: [1x3 double] {1x1 cell} ‘This is a string.‘ [] Ideal layout for grouping arrays that are related. >> name(1).last = ‘Smith’; name(2).last = ‘Hess’; >> name(1).first = ‘Mary’; name(2).first = ‘Robert’; >> name(1).sex = ‘female’; name(2).sex = ‘male’; >> name(1).age = 45; name(2).age = 50; >> name(2) ans = last: 'Hess' first: 'Robert' sex: 'male' age: 50 Alternative style: >> name = struct(‘last’,{Smith’,’Hess’}, ‘first’,{Mary’,’Robert’},… (‘sex’,{female’,’male’}, ‘age’,{45,50}); Related utilities: There are many types of files in MATLAB. Only script-, function-, and mat-files are covered here: 1.script m-files (.m) -- group of commands; reside in base workspace 2.function m-files (.m) -- memory access controlled; parameters passed as input, output arguments; reside in own workspace and 3.mat files (.mat) -- binary (or text) files handled with 4.mex files (.mex) -- runs C/FORTRAN codes from m-file 5.eng files (.eng) -- runs m-file from C/FORTRAN code 6.C codes (.c) – C codes generated by MATLAB compiler 7.P codes (.p) – converted m-files to hide source for security